GCSE Combined Science Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts from biology, chemistry, and physics for GCSE Combined Science exam preparation.

What do eukaryotic cells contain that prokaryotic cells do not?

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What structures are present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are involved in energy production through respiration.

What are the key adaptations of sperm cells?

Sperm cells have an acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria, and a tail for movement.

What is enzyme specificity?

Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to choose the exact substrate from a group of similar chemical molecules.

How can enzymes be denatured?

Enzymes can be denatured by changes in temperature, pH, or substrate concentration affecting the active site.

What are the stages of mitosis?

The stages are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

What results from uncontrolled cell division?

Uncontrolled cell division can lead to cancer.

How do environmental factors affect enzyme activity?

Temperature, substrate concentration, and pH can all influence enzyme activity.

What is the importance of cell differentiation?

Cell differentiation is essential for the development of specialized cells with specific functions.

What is the role of a reflex arc?

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid gametes.

Describe the structure of DNA.

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands linked by complementary base pairs.

What is a gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

What are the three main components of a plant's vascular system?

The components are xylem, phloem, and cambium.