physiologic & behavioral adaptations of the newborn 1

how long is the neonatal period?

birth to 28 days

transition period length

6-8 hr after birth

chemical stimuli of the respiratory system (decreased, increased, other?)

decreased PO2, increased CO2, decreased pH, and acidosis

acidosis stimulates _______ and _____ receptors → stimulates _______ and baby ________

carotid; aorta; medulla; breathes

in regard to mechanical stimulation of the respiratory system, vaginal birth causes…

pressure and recoil of the lungs

in regard to mechanical stimulation of the respiratory system, negative intrathoracic pressure allows…

air into the lungs

thermal stimuli detects sudden changes in temp→ receptors in the skin→ medulla→ …

breath

sensory stimuli like noise, lights, and touching→ excites infant→ cry→ what respiratory response?

increased O2 intake

2 surfactant names? what ratio are they in mature lungs?

lecithin and sphingomyelin; 2:1

inadequate surfactant leads to…

alveolar collapse, preterm/sick newborn fatigue, atelectasis

brief periods of apnea may result from…

temp changes, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or sepsis

how does the foramen ovale close?

pressure in LA increased from blood in the pulmonary veins forcing closure

how does the ductus arteriosus close?

increased PO2 and decreased prostaglandin E

umbilical cord clamped→ closure of what three things?

ductus venosus, umbilical arteries, and umbilical vein

PMI (point of maximal impulse) in the newborn is at the __ intercostal space

4th

RBC, Hgb, and Hct ranges are significantly ______ than adult values

higher

is it normal for WBC to be higher or lower at birth? platelets?

higher; similar/same

newborns cannot synthesize vitamin _

K

convection is heat loss due to what?

air currents

radiation refers to when the body cools from…

solid objects in the room at close proximity

thermogenesis in newborns is generated by…

increased muscle activity, crying, brown fat, and analgesics

nursing actions for thermoregulation/warming

drying, blankets, skin to skin, warmers, cover head, postpone baths

urination amount and frequency in newborns

gradually increased urination and amount

specific gravity in newborns

higher

what is normal to be found in newborn urine?

uric acid crystals

through what do newborns tend to lose weight?

urination

newborn gums

pink, moist, epstein pearls

when is sucking, swallowing, and breathing well coordinated?

in utero

when does colonic bacteria develop?

first week

newborns are prone to regurgitation due to…

immature cardiac sphincter

transitional stool

brown thick

breast fed stool

mustard yellow

formula fed stool

tan yellow grainy

5 major functions of the newborn liver

iron storage, glucose homeostasis, fatty acid and drug metabolism, and bilirubin synthesis

6 reasons infants become jaundiced

insufficient glucuronyl transferase, delayed cord clamping, hypoxia, free fatty acids in breast milk, bilirubin synthesis, coagulates blood

2 forms of jaundice related to breastfeeding

lack of effective breastfeeding and breastmilk jaundice

which is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta?

IgG

what does IgG give immunity to?

tetanus, diphtheria, smallpox, measles, mumps, and polio

IgM is produce in response to _______ from the ______, and gives immunity to…

viruses; mother; E. coli and gram negative

which immunoglobulin is passed through the breastmilk?

IgA