Science, unit six

What is the smallest unit of an element that still has properties of that element?

Atom

Vinegar is classified as

Molecule

Copper is classified as

Element

Which category contains the majority of elements on the periodic table?

Metals

Compounds are formed from

\
A chemical reaction

The most reactive group of elements are

Group 1 alkali metals

The second most reactive group of elements are

Group 17. The halogens

The least reactive elements are

Group 18 the noble gases

Chlorine has seven electrons and its valence shell. What atom will it react with?

Sodium with one valence electron

The law of conservation of matter, states that

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

200 g of a substance is combined with 20 g of a different substance. A small amount of gas is released. What is the final mass of the products of the gas is trapped in a container.

220

Rusting is a property related to

Chemical reactivity

What provides evidence of a chemical change has occurred

A liquid changes to a gas and heat is released

What does the bold line on the right side of the periodic table separate

Metals from nonmetals

Physical changes include

Density changes

Chemical changes include

A precipitate forms

An atom is composed, primarily of a specific combination of which three particles

Protons, neutrons and electrons

An atom of the element helium in outer space has the same combination of electrons and protons as that of an atom of helium on earth

True

A boron atom contains five protons. We assume the atom to be neutral. How many electrons must it have?

Five

A calcium atom contains 20 electrons we assume the atom to be neutral how many protons must it have?

20

Evaporation

Liquid change into a gas

Transpiration

Plants changing liquid into a gas

Condensation

Gas changing into a liquid

Precipitation

Condensation returning to earth

Runoff

Uncontrolled runoff results in floods, controlled runoff results in ground, water, increasing for wells

Infiltration

Precipitation entering soil to replace ground water

What is nitrogen fixing and why is it important?

Our bodies need nitrogen for DNA and muscle tissue

Auto trophs

Make their own food

Plants

Autotrophs, perform photosynthesis, essential, and nitrogen fixing

photosynthesis

Process where plants make their own food

Oxygen

Element necessary for cellular respiration, to use ATP for muscle movement

Carbon dioxide

What plants use for photosynthesis, this gas given off during cellular respiration

Heterotrophs

Need to eat food for cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

Process where cells use nutrients for muscle movement

weathering

Break down of rock into carbon and other elements

Sedimentation

Gathering of carbon and other elements to create carbon sinks

Subduction

An oceanic plate, moving under a continental plate, and releasing carbon slowly

Volcanic eruption‘s

Immediate release of carbon into the atmosphere

Tectonic plates

Earths crustal plates, moving around each other to release carbon

Carbon sinks

Decompensated, prehistoric animals that have fossilized into huge amounts of carbon

The flow of matter is recyclable through an ecosystem, the flow of energy is not

True

Nutrients travel through an ecosystem through food webs

True

If there were no decomposers, we would be surrounded by dead stuff and would have no nitrogen for DNA or muscle growth

True

Producers

Make food from sunshine

Consumers

Need to eat food

Decomposers

Turn that stuff into useful soil, especially nitrogen

Coexistence

Two organisms living in the same area, creating no harm to each other

Cooperation

Mutually beneficial interactions that occur among individuals of the same species or between different species

Competition

Predator and prey

Parasitism

One organism, taking from other without giving back

Mutualism

A situation where all organisms involved benefit from living together