AP World Midterm

neo Confucianism

revived in song china and added new values making it neo

Confucianism

• Hierarchical

• filial piety

• women were subordinate (foot binding) and other social restrictions

imperial buecracy

gov.t arranged in a hierarchical fashion the carries out the willl of the emperor

civil service exam

you have to be qualified to hold a position ini gov.t

empires influenced by song

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam - Korea adopted thee civil service exam

Buddhism

• from india

• four noble truths about sufferering

• eight fold path

types of buddhism

Theravada vs Mahayana

economy of song

commercialization, they produced more goods than the consumed

champa rice

agricultural innovation that lead to population growth

transportation innovation in song

expansion of the grand canal facliatated trade

Dar-al-islam

the region where islam is practiced

judaism

christianity and islam together, monotheistic

Abbasid caliphate

ethnically Arab, later broke apart and new turkic/seljuks states arose

sharia law

legal code based on the Quran

innovations unit 1

house of wisdom, Muslim merchants and missionaries lead to simulation of trade, ideas and conversion in SA

South Asia

hinduism, buddhism, islam

Bhakti

monotheistic hinduism to challenge social hierarchicies

Delhi sultanate

muslim, they had trouble holding muslim rule in a hindu area, there washing resistance from rajput kingdom, but they kept muslim rule

Swahili

commerce, independent with common social hierarchy,, influenced by muslim traders, new language, states became islamic, integrated into larger islamic world of trade ,most eites converted

networks of exchange diffused:

goods, religion, languages, tech

networks increased in geographic scale..

due to innovations leading to further connections

silk roads

luxury goods, silk and porcelain

increased demand of silk and porcelain

lead to increased production by Chinese and Persians

innovations on the silk road

Caravanserai

caravanserai

series of inns and guest houses on the roads, provided safety from theft, brought merchants of different cultures together, cultural diffusion

money economy

used to facilitate trade, goods as currency “flying money”

increase in trade lead to

rise of powerful trading cities to grow because they were located along the routes

indian ocean trade

common goods, textiles and spices

Indian Ocean trade possible through

understanding of the monsoon winds

navigating innovations

magnetic compass, astrolabe, junk

trans Saharan

innovations in transportation

trade route effects

transfer of religion, belief systems: buddhism, literary and artistic transfers

Travelers who wrote their experiences

Marco Polo, ibn battuta

disease that traveled along camels on the silk l road

bubonic plague

mongols

facilitated connections and culture transfers

Ottoman Empire

sunni, used gunpowder to conquer Constantinople “Istanbul”

janissaries

ottomans took christian boys converted to islam and added them to their army

Safavids

shia, shah ismal and shah abbas, abbas built up the military with the adoption of gunpowder and enslaving people

sunnis

succesor of Muhammad can be anyone spiturally fit

shias

only blood relatives of Muhammad were his successors

Mughal

expanded with gunpowder, Akbar the tolerant expanded through islam, became very prosperous

Qing

manchu, lead conquest with gunpowder

tax collection

to pay for empires

church corruption

buying into power, indulgences…. Martin Luther

Martin Luther

95 theses lead him to be excommunicated, the printing press lead to people reading it and then a split in church called the protestant reformation

sikhism

blend of hindu and islam

Portugal

trading post empire

spain

sponsored columbus to sail across the Atlantic relations with Indonesia with tribute stem and coerced labor

columbian exchange

transfer of new diseases, foods, plants and animals

CE transferred

wheat, olive, grapes, malaria ,smallpox and measles “great dying”

cash cropping

growing crops primarill for export

horses

lead to effective hunting

resistance to imperialism

increease in chirstianity, maroon societies

kongo

facilliated trade w/ christian states and were placed well on the routes

silver

used bu luxury goods from china

labor systems

encomienda, ,hacienda, mita system, chattel slaver

slave trade

gender imbalance ,changing familyy structures because men married multiple women

popular sovereignty

power to govern was iin he hands of the people

Liberalism

protetcion of civil rights and private property

Bolivar was a

creole which is under a peninsular