APUSH Period 7 Vocab

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Immigration Quotas

Limitations on immigration that were passed by the U.S. government that established preferred immigration of those who were thought to be more "capable" and capable of success in the United States, while limited the immigration of those who were deemed "unnecessary."

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

Stock Speculation/Buying on Margin

"stock speculation" and "buying on margin" refer to the practice of investors purchasing stocks with borrowed money, essentially betting that the stock price will rise significantly, allowing them to profit by selling at a higher price, but also putting them at high risk if the market crashes and the stock value plummets; this practice was particularly prevalent in the 1920s and is considered a major contributing factor to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Rugged Individualism

Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance.

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

Security Exchange Commission

independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies

Tennessee Valley Authority

A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A major public works program in the United States during the Great Depression.

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor

Huey Long

As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc

Court Packing Scandal

FDR wanted to hire more justices that supported him in order to pass more bills

Keynesian Economics

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

Neutrality Acts

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

Quarantine Speech

The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.

Lend Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Executive Order 9066

2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion

Korematsu v. US

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor

Island Hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps

Unites States army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in noncombat positions

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

Manhattan Project/Atomic Bomb

A secret research and development project of the US to develop the atomic bomb. Its success granted the US the bombs that ended the war with Japan as well as ushering the country into the atomic era

Reasons/Conditions for Imperialism

economic pressures, human aggressiveness and greed, the search for security, the drive for power and prestige, nationalist emotions, humanitarianism

White Man's Burden

"The White Man's Burden" refers to a poem by Rudyard Kipling that became a euphemism for the idea of imperialism and the perceived duty of white, Western nations to civilize and uplift "lesser" or "backward" peoples. It justified the expansion of European and American power by suggesting a moral obligation to bring progress and enlightenment to other parts of the world.

Jingoism

Jingoism is a term that describes extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy. It often involves a fervent belief in national superiority and a willingness to use military force to achieve national goals or expand influence.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Teller and Platt Amendment

Teller-Cuba can self-govern

Platt-US could look over Cuba's shoulder & meddle in its affairs

Philippines Independence/War

The Philippines' path to independence was marked by a complex and violent struggle, culminating in the Philippine-American War following the Spanish-American War and the U.S. acquisition of the Philippines

Roosevelt Corollary/Big Stick Diplomacy

Roosevelt's policy that while the US did not intend to be a threatening presence in the Western hemisphere, it would not hesitate to protect its own interest

Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft continued his policies- placed much less emphasis on military force and more on helping Latin American industry; believed that American business leaders supported Latin American development then everyone would benefit; American business would increase trade & profits and countries in L.A. would rise out of poverty and social disorder

Wilson's Moral Diplomacy

The U.S. had a duty to promote democracy in Latin nations in order to prevent war and revolution.

Anti-Imperialist League

objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900

Muckrakers: Riis, Tarbell, Stephens, Sinclair

Muckrakers were investigative journalists and writers in the early 20th century who aimed to expose corruption, social injustices, and corporate wrongdoing.

Examples of Muckrackers

Riis, Stephens, Sinclair, Tarbell

16th-19th Amendments

These allowed for an income tax to be levied, women's right to vote, the direct election of US senators, and the prohibition of alcohol manufacture and sale.

Role of Women: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, Suffrage, Temperance

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, the women's suffrage movement, and the temperance movement were all interconnected aspects of the Progressive Era and the evolving role of women in American society. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, in particular, became a catalyst for change, highlighting the need for improved labor conditions and ultimately contributing to the broader fight for women's rights, including suffrage

Teddy Roosevelt/Trustbuster

Teddy Roosevelt tried to eliminate all "bad trusts" during his presidency and was nicknamed the trustbuster

Jim Crow South/Lynchings/Migration

The Jim Crow South, characterized by racial segregation and violence, particularly lynchings, was a significant factor driving the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North and West.

Tuskegee Institute/Booker T. Washington

An ex-slave who saved his money to buy himself an education. He believed that blacks must first gain economic equality before they gain social equality. He was President of the Tuskegee Institute and he was a part of the Atlanta Compromise. He believed that blacks should be taught useful skills so that whites would see them as useful.

NAACP/Talented Tenth/ WEB Dubois

According to Du Bois, the "talented tenth" were capable students who could use a classical education to grow and improve as whole people, and not just as workers. He believed that training Black teachers were significant to helping improve the rights and opportunities available to African Americans in the early 1900s.

Wilson as progressive president

Wilson's campaign focused on his promise to be independent of party bosses. He quickly shed his professorial style for more emboldened speechmaking and presented himself as a full-fledged progressive.

Isolationism vs. Interventionism

policy of remaining apart from political affairs of foreign countries VS. favoring intervention by one country in affairs of another

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

Committee of Public Information, War Industries Board, Food Administration

The Committee on Public Information (CPI), the War Industries Board (WIB), and the Food Administration were all crucial agencies established by the U.S. government during World War I to mobilize the nation for war

Fourteen Points: League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson's peace plan for after WWI-Wanted to prevent future wars and promote justice and peace among all nations