BIOSC-130 Fetal Pig Dissection

Dorsal

back/spine

Posterior

tail end

Anterior

front of the body

Ventral

belly side

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

side/edge of body

Proximal

near body

Distal

away from body

Caudal

tail

Cephalic/cranial

toward the head

Sagittal

divides body into left and right

Frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse

Divides body into cephalic and caudal parts

Thymus

site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents

Heart

pumps blood

Lungs

two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Liver

produces bile

Spleen

organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Large Intestine

last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

Small Intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

Stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

Kidney

filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins.

Gall Bladder

the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

Mouth

where digestion begins

Esophagus

muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Gastric Rugae

visible folds on the inner stomach which allow the walls to stretch

Cardiac Sphincter

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

Pyloric Sphincter

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood/insulin and glucagon

Cecum

the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens

Rectum

short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

Anus

muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body

Duodenum

first portion of the small intestine which receives secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas

Jejuno-ileum

All of the small intestine except the duodenum

Ureter

duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Bladder

elastic, hollow, muscular organ that provides temporary storage for urine.

Umbilical vein

carry oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

Umbilical arteries

carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

Pericardial sac

surrounds the heart and helps prevent overfilling

Atrium

two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart

Ventricles

two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body

Carotid arteries

the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

Aorta

large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Pulmonary Trunk

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

Coronary artery

The artery that supplies heart tissue with blood

Pulmonary artery

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs (#22)

venae cavae (vena cava)

two large blood vessels that drain oxygen-poor blood from the veins into the right side of the heart

Ductus arteriosus

a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta (#24)

Brachiocephalic veins

carry blood from the cephalic, subclavian, and jugular veins to the cranial vena cava

Brachiocephalic artery

first major branch off of the aorta and the major artery to the forelimbs and head (#16)

External and internal jugular veins

drain the head and neck into the superior vena cava

Subclavian arteries

carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the arms (#17)

Larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

Bronchi

The passages that direct air into the lungs

Bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

Alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Ovaries

Glands that produce the egg cells and hormones

Uterus body

major portion of uterus (#36)

Fallopian tubes

tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs

Uterine horn

the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet (#35)

Testes

male gonads that produce sperm

Thyroid

regulates metabolism

common bile duct

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum