Earth week 3

chapter 5 and 6

resource partitioning

species divide shared resources by specializing in different ways

character displacement

competing species evolve physical characteristics that reflect their reliance on the portion of the resource they use

symbiosis

mutualism in which the organisms live in close physical contact

amensalism

one is harmed one is unaffected

allelopathy

certain plants release harmful chemicals

facilitation

plants that create shade and leaf litter allow seedlings to grow

producers

first trophic level (autotrophs)

chemosynthetic bacteria

use geothermal energy in hot spring or deep sea vents to produce their food

stromatolites

accretionary structures formed in shallow water by cementation of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms

consumers

organisms that consume producers can be primary(second trophic), secondary(third trophic), tertiary(4th trophic)

detritivores

scavenge waste products or dead bodies

decomposers

break down leaf litter and other non-living material

keystone species

a species that has a particularly strong or far reaching impact in ecological communities

primary succession

disturbance eliminated all vegetation and or soil life

secondary succession

a disturbance dramatically alters but does not destroy all local organisms

ecological restoration

returning an area to earlier conditions

biome

major regional complex of similar communities recognized by temp, plants

climatographs

shows an areas mean monthly temperature and precipitation

what are earths biomes (10)

tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous, temperate grasslands, temperate rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical dry forest, savannah, desert, Mediterranean

demography

the application of populations ecology principles to the study of statistical change in human populations

paleolithic period

use of fire 1.5 mill shape and used stone

Neolithic stage

agricultural revolution 10,000 to 12,000 years ago

industrial revolution

began mid 1700s a shift from rural life, improvements in medicine, enhanced agriculture

crude birth/death rate

number of births/deaths per 1000 individuals

total fertility rate

average number of children born per female member of a population during her lifetime

replacement fertility

the TFR that keeps the size of a population stable

demographic transition

a model of economic and cultural change to explain the declining death and birth rates in industrializing nations

read over chapter 6 slides