Anterior View of Adult Skull

What part of the skull forms the forehead?

The frontal bone

How does the frontal bone contribute to the orbits?

It curves downward to form the upper margins of the orbits.

What are the superciliary arches?

Bony ridges on either side of the frontal bone above the orbits.

What opening is found at or near the orbital rim of the frontal bone?

The supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen.

With which bones does the frontal bone articulate medially

• Frontal processes of the maxillae

• Nasal bones

With which bone does the frontal bone articulate laterally?

The zygomatic bone.

Which bones form the orbital margins?

• Superiorly: frontal bone

• Laterally: zygomatic bone

• Inferiorly: maxilla

• Medially: processes of the maxilla and frontal bone

What are the frontal air sinuses?

Two hollow, mucosa-lined spaces within the frontal bone above the orbital margins.

What are the functions of the frontal sinuses?

• Communicate with the nasal cavity

• Lighten the facial skeleton

• Act as voice resonators

What do the nasal bones form

The bridge of the nose.

What forms the anterior nasal aperture?

The lower borders of the nasal bones together with the maxillae.

What divides the nasal cavity into two parts

The bony nasal septum.

Which bones form the bony nasal septum?

• Mainly the vomer

• Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

What are the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Bony shelves projecting into the nasal cavity from the ethmoid bone.

What are the inferior nasal conchae?

Separate bones (not part of the ethmoid).

What structures are formed by the maxillae?

• Upper jaw

• Anterior hard palate

• Part of lateral walls of nasal cavities

• Part of orbital floors

Where do the maxillae meet?

In the midline at the intermaxillary suture.

What structure forms the lower margin of the nasal aperture?

The maxillae.

What foramen is found below the orbit in the maxilla?

The infraorbital foramen.

What is the alveolar process of the maxilla?

A downward projection that forms the alveolar arch and carries the upper teeth.

What sinus is contained within each maxilla?

The maxillary sinus.

Describe the maxillary sinus.

• Large, pyramid-shaped

• Lined with mucous membrane

• Communicates with the nasal cavity

• Lightens the skull

• Acts as a voice resonator

What does the zygomatic bone form

• Prominence of the cheek

• Part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

Which bones articulate with the zygomatic bone

• Medially: maxilla

• Laterally: zygomatic process of the temporal bone

What structure is formed by the zygomatic bone and temporal bone?

The zygomatic arch.

Which nerves pass through the zygomatic bone?

• Zygomaticofacial nerve

• Zygomaticotemporal nerve

What are the main parts of the mandible?

• One horizontal body

• Two vertical rami