Medical Terminology a Body Systems Approach Chapter 14 Endocrine

acr/o

extremity

aden/o

gland

adren/o

adrenal glands

azot/o

nitrogenous compounds

calc/o

calcium

carcin/o

cancer

crin/o

secrete

gluc/o

sugar, sweetness

home/o

same, alike

kal/i

potassium (an electrolyte)

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid glands

thym/o

thymus gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

toxic/o

poison

acromegaly

enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw

diuresis

abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine

glucose.

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

Graves disease.

multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism, usually associated with an enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos

hyperkalemia

excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

obesity.

abnormal increase of fat cells, mainly in the viscera and subcutaneous tissues of the body

thyroid storm

medical crisis caused by the release of an increased amount of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream

total calcium test.

test that detects bone and parathyroid disorders

glucose tolerance test.

measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates

parathyroidectomy

excision of a parathyroid gland

insulin

helps treat type 1 diabetes

oral antidiabetics

agents that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin and increase the number of insulin receptor cells

corticosteroids

replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency

electrolytes.

mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in a solution

homeostasis.

state of equilibrium in the body

hyponatremia

condition of low blood sodium level

hyperglycemia

greater-than-normal amount of glucose in the blood

idiopathic

pertaining to a condition without clear pathogenesis or a disease without a recognizable cause

follicle-stimulating hormone.

hormone secreted by the ovaries that increases secretion of estrogen

prolactin

hormone that promotes lactation

adrenal cortex

gland associated with Addison disease

adrenal medulla

gland associated with the production of epinephrine hormone

hirsutism

excessive hair growth in unusual places, especially in women

pheochromocytoma

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

hypercalcemia

excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

fasting blood glucose

measures blood glucose levels in blood after a fast of at least 8 hours