Non-Point Mutations

Chromosome Duplication

This is the duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.

Small Deletions

These kinds of deletions are less likely to be deleterious.

Medium Deletions

These kinds of deletions are responsible for a number of genetic diseases.

Large Deletions

These kinds of deletions are often fatal.

Transposable Elements

These are pieces of DNA that code for different things, but have catalytic activity (“jumping genes”).

mutation

Transposable elements often generate some kind of ______________ when they move, and can increase the size of the genome in evolutionary terms.

Class 1 Transposable Elements

These require reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA) in order to transpose (retrotransposons).

Long Terminal Repeat Transposon

These Class 1 transposable elements are characterized by the presence of long terminal repeats on the end of each terminal end.

Non-Long Terminal Repeat Transposon

This Class 1 transposable element has no long terminal repeat present; the only active of transposons in humans.

Autonomous

This is when they are capable of moving on their own as they make their own reverse transcriptase required to move.

Non-Autonomous

These must “borrow” reverse transcriptase from another element in order to move.

Non-Autonomous Short Interspersed Elements

These are short DNA sequences that represent reverse-transcribed RNA molecules originally transcribed by RNA Pol II.

Class 2 Transposable Elements

These do not require reverse transcriptase in order to transpose (DNA transposons).

Terminal Inverted Repeats (Class 2)

These are inverted compliments of 9-40 bp located at both ends of the TE; recognized by the transposase.

Flanking Direct Repeats (Class 2)

These are not a direct part of the TE but play a role in the insertion of the TE back in the genome; provides the marker for the excision site once the TE has moved.

not do much

In the non-coding region, transposable elements can ________________________________.