Respitory physology

What are the components of the upper airway?

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

What protects the vocal folds, is the largest cartilage of the larynx, and commonally known as the “Adams apple”?

Thyroid Cartilage

Name the only fully circular cartilage surrounding the trachea?

Cricoid Cartilage

What prevents food from entering the trachea by closing the entry way towards the larynx?

Epiglottis

What are the structures comprise the lower respiratory system?

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

The left lung has ___ lobes and right lung has ___.

2,3

On medial aspect of the lungs, what is the name of the region where the bronchi enter the lung?

Hilum

What are the 3 functions of the nasal cavity?

Filter, warm, and moisten air

What are the folds of bone covered with mucous membranes called

Nasal Conchae

What is the function of nasal conchae?

Maximize surface area to filter, warm, and humidify air

What are the large cubic-shaped chambers located on either side of the nasal cavity?

Maxillary Sinuses

What 4 bones contains the paranasal sinuses?

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

What are the functions of sinuses?

Resonating chambers for speech & generate mucous to moisten and warm air

What part of the pharynx are shared with the digestive system?

Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx

What is the tube that exits superolaterally from the nasopharynx?

Eustachian Tube

Name the bone located anterior to the laryngopharynx?

Hyoid Bone

What is the membrane between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage?

Thyrohyoid membrane

What is the term for sound production?

Phonation

What is the pyramid-shaped cartilages that sit on top of the cricoid cartilage and attach to the vocal ligaments?

Arytenoid cartilage

What are the names the small cartilage that are located on top of the cartilages attached to vocal ligament?

Corniculate cartilage

What 3 main structures that penetrate the hilum? (Singular)

Bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

During exercise what happens to the bronchioles?

Vasodilation

During allergy season and histamines are released what happens to the bronchioles?

Vasoconstriction

How many openings are in the diaphragm?

3

What major structure pass through the openings of the diaphragm?

Aorta, inferior vena cava, esophagus

What happens to the diaphragm when the ribs elevate during inspiration?

It contracts

Boyle’s law states that volume and pressure are __________ related.

inversely

The contraction of the diaphragm _________ volume and __________ pressure and air moves ______ the lungs

increases, decreases, into

Name 5 other muscles that contribute to elevation of the rib cage? (CAPS the 1st letter of the 1st word)

External intercostals, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior

What muscle contracts to depress the ribs?

internal intercostals

The relaxation of the diaphragm causes volume to ________ and pressure to ________ and air to move ___ of the lungs.

decrease, increase, out

Dalton’s law states that partial pressure exerted by each gas is

independent

Chemoreceptors in the ______ & _______ detect changes in blood in O2 &CO2

Aortic arch & common carotid arteries

Blood vessels send signals to the _____ nerve & _________ nerve to __________, which adjust respiratory rate.

Vagus, glossopharyngeal, medulla oblongata

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phenric nerve

Type II Alveolar cells produce?

Alveolar fluid

Gas exchange in external respiration happens in what type of cells?

Type I alveolar cells

Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

It reduces surface tension so that the alveoli can maintain their shape

What muscles are used during normal exhalation and they contract or relax?

Diaphragm and external intercostals, relax

What muscle are used during normal inhalation?

Diaphragm & external intercostals

The equation TV + IRV+ ERV+ RV=

Total Lung Capacity

The ____ lung is slightly larger than the _____ lung due to its position due to its relation to the heart

Right, left

Amount of air inhaled & exhaled during normal breath

Tidal Volume

Max amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Max amount of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Max volume exhaled after max inhalation

Vital capacity

Amount of air in lungs after maximal exhalation

Residual volume

As we exercise our blood becomes more acidic or basic

Acidic