the civil war
What was the major historical event that influenced these movements?
1861-1865
When did realism emerge?
the harsh realities of frontier life and the impacts of westward expansion/industrialization
What did americans realize after the civil war?
Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and Mark Twain
Who are the main authors of realism?
Mark Twain
Realist and Regionalist.
Lived from 1835-1910.
Wrote about ordinary Americans
Used “American English” and regional dialects
Incorporated American themes
Considered a humorist and a satirist
Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, “War Prayer”
What did Mark Twain write?
Ambrose Bierce
Realist
Lived from 1842-1914.
A journalist and short story writer
Known for his humorous, satirical, and chilling stories
Spoke out against oppression and supported civil and religious freedoms
Fought in the Civil War and wrote numerous Civil War stories.
“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”, The Devil’s Dictionary
What did Ambrose Bierce write?
mid to late 1800s
What was the duration of regionalism?
population growth
What historical aspect(s) influenced regionalism?
characteristics of different cultures
What is the element that influences regionalism?
Bret Harte
Regionalist writer.
Lived from 1836-1902.
Author, essayist, humorist, and critic
Master of the genre of gold rush fiction
Wrote about corruption and greed
Created a vivid, lasting portrait of the Old West
His stories were filled with picturesque, intriguing characters and colorful dialogue
The Luck of Roaring Camp “The Outcasts of Poker Flat”
What did Bret Harte write?
Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
What historical aspect(s) influenced naturalism?
Upton Sinclair
Was commissioned to write a novel about immigrant workers in the Chicago meat packing houses
Wrote The Jungle
Jack London
Naturalist writer
Set much of his fiction in Alaska
where the environment was cruel and unforgiving
The themes of human endurance in the face of overwhelming natural forces and the callous indifference of nature pervade his writing
“To Build a Fire” “The Law of Life” and The Call of the Wild
What did Jack London write?
true
True or False: Realism seeks to portray life as faithfully and accurately as possible
true
True or False: Realism focuses on ordinary people (usually middle to lower class), who have suffered from the harsh realities of everyday life
false
True or False: In Realism writers cover up the grim reality of war
false
True or False: In Realism content is sentimental, dishonest, and often not harsh
false
True or False: Realism focuses on plot rather than character development
true
True or False: Realism uses ordinary language, events, and settings (all described in great detail)
false
True or False: In Realism, complex ethical choices are rarely the subject
true
True or False: Naturalism often describes the futile attempts of human beings to exercise free will in a world in which free will is an illusion
false
True or False: Naturalism focuses on characters whose relationship with their surroundings is especially easy or straight forward
true
True or False: Naturalism demonstrates how people can revert to the most primitive stages of being when confronted by a universe that is indifferent to human suffering
true
True or False: Naturalism exposes the dark harshness of life including poverty, racism, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption, prostitution, and filth
false
True or False: Naturalistic authors tend to be attached to the narrative (trying to maintain a subjective tone)
true
True or False: Naturalistic writers use a “plot of decline” (one that depicts a character’s progression toward degeneration or death)