Imperialism Unit 2

What is imperialism

Imperialism is policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Old imperialism

European powers like Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain seizing land and establishing trading posts.

New imperialism

Britain, France, and Germany investing capital to develop colonies, focusing on resource extraction and infrastructure development.

Major World Powers during imperialism

Britian, France, Germany

Motives For Imperialism

industrialization, civilization mission (Christianity, paternalism, social Darwinism), nationalism

industrialization

need for new markets and raw materialism

Civilization mission: Christianity

Wants to spread Christianity

Civilization mission: Paternalism

people in positions of authority of people below them in the subordinates' supposed best interest:

Civilization mission: Social Darwinism

People though they were superior to other races

Nationalism

Countries wanted to demonstrate their power through territorial expansion

When did the berlin conference take place?

Nov 15, 1884

Where did the Berlin Conference take place?

Berlin

What was the goal of the Berlin Conference?

Aimed to divide Africa among European Powers

What was an issue with the Meeting of Berlin Conference

No African rep

What became an issue as a result of the Berlin confrence

This division disregarded existing boundaries, leading to long-term conflicts and instability in the region.

What two African Countries remained free

Ethiopia and Liberia

Who created the White Man’s Burden

Rudyard Kipling's

What was the white man’s burden

paternalistic, suggesting that it was the duty of Western powers to govern and 'civilize' non-Western peoples.

Who owned the belgium congo

King Leopold II (Belgium)

What was an issue with Leopold owning the congo

The exploitation led to millions of deaths and severe human rights abuses

What was the British East India Company

How Britian indirectly ruled India

indirect rule

When a colonizer government keeps and controls the local governmen

direct rule

foreign governments taking control of local governments, with no self-rule allowed for the native population.

What made Britian switch from indirect rule to direct rule

1857 Sepoy Rebellion

What was the 1857 Sepoy rebellion

A rebellion in India that was sparked by the use of animal products in their weapons, which was against their religion

Where was the 1857 Sepoy rebellion

India

Open door policy

policy by US that aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations to China

Why did Britian want the suez canal

to maintain trade routes to India and other colonies

What was a benefit of indirect rule

allowed culture to be preserved

What was the cause of the Opium Wars?

Britian wanted tea & silk, China only wanted silver = got opium from India = traded it to China = China tried to ban it = British fought back

What ended the Opium Wars

Treaty of Nanjing

What were the three main parts of the treaty of nanking

British people can live in China so they can sell things

China will pay the ransom for the British superintendents and subjects being held by the high officers

British can trade with whoever they want, not just certain people

What did the Treaty of Nanking mark the begining of

Century of Humiliation

What are three causes of Africa imperialism

Social Darwinism, Economics, Expansion

What is 3 effects of imperialism in africa

cash crops, Cultural/Language Changes, New Borders

What are 3 causes of imperialism in india

Wealth of Natural Resources, Mass Industrialization, Need for Labor and Markets,

What are 3 results of imperialism in India

Sepoy, Rebellion, Direct Rule (British Raj), bad economy

What are 3 causes of imperialism in China

Opium, Trade – Britain Wants Sole Trading Rights, Britain Wants Tea and Silk – China Only Wants Silver from Britain, open door policy

What are 3 effects of imperialism in China

Increase in Opium Deaths, Treaty of Nanking, Boxer Rebellion,

When was the Morant Bay Rebellion

Oct 1865

Who led the Morant Bay Rebellion

Paul Bogle

Where did the Morant Bay rebellion take place?

Jamaica

What was the Moran Bay rebellion protestin?

High poll tax and poverty

What was a result of the Morant Bay rebellion

Britian calling martial law on Jamacia 

When did the Tonkin Campaign take place?

1883-1886

Where did the tonkin campaing take place

Vietnam

Why did the Tonkin Campaign take place?

France tried to Establish a French Proterate

What movement was part of the Tonkin campaign 

Aid the King movement

What did the Tonkin campaign allow to remain

Vietnam’s royal court and monarchy

When was the Anglo-Zulu war?

Jan 11, 1879-July 4, 1879

Where was the Anglo-Zulu War?

South Africa

What was the Anglo-Zulu war?

Britian wanted Zululand, Catshwayo fought back, but failed

Who fought back against the British in the Anglo-Zulu war?

Catshwayo

When was the Mandingo War?

1883 - 1886 (first war), 1894-1897 (second)

Where was the Mandingo Wars?

West Africa

Who was the leader of the Mandingo

Samory

How did the Mandingo wars start

France exploited rebellions = first war = French victory

How did the Mandingo wars end

Samory had a failed alliance which caused him to lose territory and be exhiled, France got dominance over the Ivory Coast

When was the First Franco-Dahomean war (Battle of Cotonou)

 February 21, 1890– October 4,1890

When was the second Franco-Dahomean war?

1892-1894

What happened in the first Franco-Dohomean war?

Distrust of France in Portanova = war broke out = ended treaty= recognized Portanova as a protectorate

What happened in the second Dahomean War?

King Behanzin disregarded treaty, attacked France, France took control.

Where was the Franco-Dahomean wars?

Dahomey Kingdom

When was the Boxer Rebellion

Oct 18, 1899

Where was the boxer rebellion

China

Why was the Boxer Rebellion started?

The Righteous and Harmonious Fists (Boxers) resented foreigners since there was a drought and there was leftover feelings from the first opium wars.

How was the boxer rebellion ended?

China agreed to pay $330 million to the 8 countries

When was the Maji Maji Rebellion

1905-1907

Where was the Maji Maji Rebellion

German East Africa

Why did the Maji Maji Rebellion happen?

Germany tightened hold on Africa = people unhappy with labor farming and social changes 

Who was the leader of the Maji Maji Rebellion?

Kinjkitine

Why did Kinjkitine get killed

attacked an officers home

What happened after Kinjkitine was killed

His brother took over until 1907

How many were killed in the Maji Maji Rebellion

100, 000

who owned Rio De Oro (western Sahara)

Spain

Who owned Melilla

Spain

Who owned Angola

Portugal

Who owned Mozambique

Portugal

Who owned Portuguese Guinea

Portugal

Who owned the Congo

Belgium

Who owned Sierra Leone

Britian

Who owned Gold Coast

Britian

Who owned Nigeria

Britian

Who owned to Egypt

Britian

Who owned Sudan

Britian

Who owned British Somaliland

Britian

Who owned Uganda

Britian

Who owned British East Africa

Britian

Who owned Rhodesia

Britian

Who owned Bechuanaland

Britian

Who owned Swaziland

Britian

who owned Basutoland

Britian

Who Owned Union of South Africa

Britian

Who owned French Morocco

France

Who owned Tunisia

France

Who owned Algeria

France

Who owned Ivory Coast

France

Who owned French West Africa

France

Who Owned Madagascar

France

Who owned Togo

Germany