Upper GI Disorders affecting Ingestion

anorexia

• lack of appetite, could be from emotional or physical factors

• lab test may be done to assess nutritional status

• supplements may be ordered

• TPN ( Total parenteral nutrition) or enteral feedings

medical treatment for anorexia:

stomatitis

inflammation of the oral mucosa (mouth)

soft bland diet

what diet is recommended for stomatitis?

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

every 3-6 months

how frequents should dental appointment be?

herpes simplex type 1 (cold sore or fever blister)

infection affecting the lips and mucous mebranes of the mouth

20 days after exposure

herpes simplex virus sympotoms show up after hoe many days?

herpes simplex type 1

• singular or clustered, irregular painful vesicles through the oral cavity and lips that may ruptures, malaise, edema, of surrounding area

• antiviral: acyclovir (zorivax)

• ointment or systemic medications

• analgesics

• symptomatic relief

treatment for herpes simplex type 1

leukoplakia

• abnormal thickening and whitening of the epithelium mucous membranes of the cheeks and tongue

• fewer than 2% are malignant but may progress to cancer (premalignant)

leukoplakia

this is common among tobacco users

oral cancer

• malignant lesions may develop on the lip, oral cavity, tongue and pharynx

• generally squamous carcinomas

oral cancer

causes are: tobacco use, excessive alcohol use; infection with with HPV; history of pevious head and neck cancer

oral cancer

may also present as a red or white patch in the mouth or throat

esophagitis

• inflammation or irritation of the esophagus

• caused by:

  • reflux oof stomach contents

  • irritants

  • fungal infections

  • trauma

  • malignancy

  • intubation

esophagitis

sign and symptoms: heartburn, pain, dyspepsia

esophageal varices

• dilated, tortuous, distended veins found in the submucosa of the lower esophagus

• may rupture and bleed

esophageal varices

• portal hyoertension caused by cirrhosis of the liver

• abnormalities of circulation in splenic vein or superior vena cava

• hepatic venothrombosis

• hematemesis

• melena

• general deterioration in mental or physical status

• shock (cool clammy sin, hypotension, tachycardia)

what are the s/sx of esophageal varices

sengstaken-blakemore tube

this medical management in esophageal varices is a tube that helps control bleeding

endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL)

also known as esophageal banding therapy

transjugular intrahepatic protocystemic shunt

TIPS

cancer of the esophagus

• prognosis is very poor; diagnosed at late stages

• no known cause; predisposing: irritation, poor oral hygiene

• progressive dysphagia

• painful swallowing

• weight loss

• vomiting

• hoarseness

• coughing

• iron deficiency

• anemia

• occult bleeding

• hemorrhage

what are the s/sx of cancer of the esophagus

odynophagia

painful swallowing