MMG 1650 exam 4 diseases final

Bacterial meningitis Haemophilus influenzae

Etiological agent Haemophilus influenzae Gram negative coccobacillus Transmission respiratory droplets Vertical Symptoms headache stiff neck Diagnosis CSF culture Treatment ceftriaxone Vaccine conjugate

Bacterial meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae

Etiological agent Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram positive lancet shaped diplococcus Transmission respiratory droplets Symptoms headache stiff neck Diagnosis CSF culture Treatment ceftriaxone Vaccine conjugate

Bacterial meningitis Neisseria meningitidis

Etiological agent Neisseria meningitidis Gram negative diplococcus Transmission respiratory droplets Symptoms headache stiff neck petechial rash Diagnosis CSF culture Treatment ceftriaxone Vaccine conjugate

Listeriosis

Etiological agent Listeria monocytogenes Gram positive rod Transmission foodborne Vertical Symptoms flu like Diagnosis culture Treatment penicillin No vaccine

Botulism

Etiological agent Clostridium botulinum Gram positive spore forming anaerobic rod Transmission foodborne Wound Infant Symptoms flaccid paralysis Diagnosis toxin assay Treatment antitoxin Vaccine inactivated for high risk

Tetanus

Etiological agent Clostridium tetani Gram positive spore forming anaerobic rod Transmission through wounds Symptoms spastic paralysis Diagnosis clinical Treatment metronidazole plus immunoglobulin Vaccine toxoid

Cryptococcosis

Etiological agent Cryptococcus neoformans yeast Transmission inhalation Symptoms meningitis in immunocompromised Diagnosis antigen test Treatment amphotericin B plus flucytosine No vaccine

African sleeping sickness

Etiological agent Trypanosoma brucei protozoan flagellate Transmission tsetse fly Symptoms daytime sleepiness Diagnosis blood smear Treatment antiparasitic No vaccine

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis

Etiological agent Naegleria fowleri protozoan ameba Transmission water through nasal entry Symptoms rapidly fatal meningitis Diagnosis CSF microscopy Treatment amphotericin B No vaccine

Toxoplasmosis

Etiological agent Toxoplasma gondii protozoan Transmission oral fecal Vertical Symptoms neurologic in immunocompromised Diagnosis serology Treatment pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine No vaccine

UTI Escherichia coli

Etiological agent E coli Gram negative rod Transmission endogenous Symptoms dysuria Diagnosis urine culture Treatment TMP SMX or similar No vaccine

UTI Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Etiological agent Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram positive cocci Transmission endogenous Symptoms dysuria Diagnosis urine culture Treatment TMP SMX No vaccine

UTI Enterococcus

Etiological agent Enterococcus Gram positive cocci Transmission endogenous Symptoms dysuria Diagnosis urine culture Treatment antibiotics No vaccine

Bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella

Etiological agent Gardnerella Gram variable rod Transmission endogenous Symptoms foul odor discharge Diagnosis scored smear Treatment metronidazole No vaccine

Bacterial vaginosis Mobiluncus

Etiological agent Mobiluncus curved Gram negative rod Transmission endogenous Symptoms foul odor discharge Diagnosis scored smear Treatment metronidazole No vaccine

Candidiasis

Etiological agent Candida albicans yeast Transmission endogenous Symptoms cottage cheese discharge Diagnosis microscopy Treatment fluconazole No vaccine

Trichomoniasis

Etiological agent Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan flagellate Transmission sexual Symptoms frothy discharge Diagnosis wet mount Treatment metronidazole No vaccine

Chlamydia

Etiological agent Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular Transmission sexual Vertical Symptoms often asymptomatic Diagnosis NAAT Treatment doxycycline or azithromycin No vaccine

Gonorrhea

Etiological agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram negative diplococcus Transmission sexual Vertical Symptoms often asymptomatic Diagnosis NAAT Treatment ceftriaxone No vaccine

Syphilis

Etiological agent Treponema pallidum spirochete Transmission sexual Vertical Symptoms chancre or rash Diagnosis serology Treatment penicillin G No vaccine

GBS newborn disease

Etiological agent Streptococcus agalactiae Gram positive cocci Transmission vertical Symptoms neonatal sepsis Diagnosis culture Treatment maternal penicillin No vaccine

Food intoxication Staphylococcus aureus

Etiological agent Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive cocci Transmission ingestion of toxin Symptoms rapid vomiting Diagnosis clinical Treatment supportive No vaccine

Food intoxication Clostridium perfringens

Etiological agent Clostridium perfringens Gram positive anaerobic spore forming rod Transmission ingestion of toxin Symptoms diarrhea Diagnosis clinical Treatment supportive No vaccine

Food intoxication Bacillus cereus

Etiological agent Bacillus cereus Gram positive spore forming rod Transmission ingestion of toxin Symptoms vomiting or diarrhea Diagnosis clinical Treatment supportive No vaccine

Campylobacteriosis

Etiological agent Campylobacter Gram negative curved rod Transmission foodborne Symptoms diarrhea Diagnosis culture Treatment supportive No vaccine

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Etiological agent Shiga toxin producing E coli Gram negative rod Transmission foodborne Symptoms bloody diarrhea renal failure Diagnosis toxin detection Treatment supportive No vaccine

Pseudomembrane colitis

Etiological agent Clostridioides difficile Gram positive anaerobic spore forming rod Transmission endogenous after antibiotics Symptoms severe diarrhea Diagnosis NAAT Treatment oral vancomycin No vaccine

Giardiasis

Etiological agent Giardia lamblia protozoan Transmission oral fecal Symptoms fatty diarrhea Diagnosis stool microscopy Treatment metronidazole No vaccine

Pinworm

Etiological agent Enterobius vermicularis helminth Transmission oral fecal Symptoms perianal itching Diagnosis tape test Treatment albendazole No vaccine

Ascariasis

Etiological agent Ascaris lumbricoides helminth Transmission oral fecal Symptoms often asymptomatic Diagnosis stool microscopy Treatment albendazole No vaccine

Bacteremia

Etiological agent any bacterium Transmission bloodstream Symptoms fever Diagnosis blood culture Treatment antibiotics No vaccine

Sepsis

Etiological agent any pathogen Transmission bloodstream Symptoms organ dysfunction Diagnosis blood culture Treatment IV antibiotics No vaccine

Endocarditis

Etiological agent any bacterium Transmission bloodstream Symptoms heart murmur Diagnosis blood culture Treatment IV antibiotics No vaccine

Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus

Etiological agent Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive cocci Transmission toxin mediated Symptoms shock rash Diagnosis clinical Treatment supportive plus anti staph antibiotics No vaccine

Toxic shock syndrome Streptococcus pyogenes

Etiological agent Streptococcus pyogenes Gram positive cocci Transmission toxin mediated Symptoms shock rash Diagnosis clinical Treatment supportive antibiotics No vaccine

Lyme disease

Etiological agent Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete Transmission tick bite Symptoms erythema migrans Diagnosis serology Treatment doxycycline No routine vaccine

Malaria

Etiological agent Plasmodium protozoan Transmission mosquito Symptoms cyclic fever Diagnosis blood smear Treatment antimalarials Limited use vaccine

Viral meningitis HSV

Etiological agent herpes simplex virus Transmission respiratory Vertical Symptoms headache Diagnosis PCR Treatment acyclovir No vaccine

Viral meningitis VZV

Etiological agent varicella zoster virus Transmission respiratory Symptoms headache Diagnosis PCR Treatment acyclovir Vaccine available live attenuated

Poliomyelitis

Etiological agent poliovirus RNA Transmission fecal oral Symptoms paralysis Diagnosis PCR Treatment supportive Vaccine inactivated or live attenuated

Rabies

Etiological agent rabies virus RNA Transmission animal bite Symptoms fatal neurological Diagnosis PCR Treatment post exposure prophylaxis Vaccine inactivated

Genital herpes

Etiological agent HSV2 DNA Transmission sexual Vertical Symptoms vesicular rash Diagnosis NAAT Treatment acyclovir No vaccine

Genital warts

Etiological agent HPV DNA Transmission sexual Symptoms warts Diagnosis clinical Treatment removal Preventive vaccine subunit

Congenital varicella

Etiological agent VZV DNA Transmission vertical Symptoms congenital defects Diagnosis NAAT Treatment acyclovir Vaccine live attenuated

Congenital parvovirus

Etiological agent parvovirus B19 DNA Transmission vertical Symptoms hydrops fetalis Diagnosis serology Treatment supportive No vaccine

Congenital rubella

Etiological agent rubella virus RNA Transmission vertical Symptoms congenital defects Diagnosis serology Treatment supportive Vaccine live attenuated

Congenital CMV

Etiological agent CMV DNA Transmission vertical Symptoms congenital anomalies Diagnosis PCR Treatment ganciclovir No vaccine

HAV

Etiological agent hepatitis A virus RNA Transmission fecal oral Symptoms jaundice Diagnosis serology Treatment supportive Vaccine inactivated

HBV

Etiological agent hepatitis B virus DNA Transmission blood sexual Vertical Symptoms jaundice Diagnosis serology Treatment antiviral Vaccine subunit

HDV

Etiological agent hepatitis D virus RNA Transmission blood Requires HBV Symptoms jaundice Diagnosis serology Treatment supportive Prevented via recombinant HBV vaccine

HCV

Etiological agent hepatitis C virus RNA Transmission blood Symptoms chronic infection Diagnosis serology Treatment antivirals No vaccine

Rotavirus gastroenteritis

Etiological agent rotavirus RNA Transmission fecal oral Symptoms diarrhea Diagnosis antigen test Treatment supportive Vaccine live attenuated

Norovirus gastroenteritis

Etiological agent norovirus RNA Transmission fecal oral Symptoms vomiting Diagnosis PCR Treatment supportive No vaccine

Infectious mononucleosis

Etiological agent Epstein Barr virus DNA Transmission saliva Symptoms fatigue Diagnosis serology Treatment supportive No vaccine

Zika virus infection

Etiological agent Zika virus RNA Transmission mosquito Vertical Symptoms fetal microcephaly Diagnosis PCR Treatment supportive No vaccine

HIV AIDS

Etiological agent HIV retrovirus RNA Transmission sexual blood Vertical Symptoms immunodeficiency Diagnosis PCR Treatment antiretrovirals No vaccin