psych unit 9

social psychology

people relate to others and how behavior influences in social situationsatti

attribution theory

explains someones behavior over traits or environment

fundamental attribution error

under-estimate situation and overestimates personal disposition

actor observer bias

blame situations for our actions but blame personality for others actions

attitude

set belief influencing behavior

dispositional attributions

behavior caused by internal personality; person is responsible for their success

situational attribution

behavior caused by external environment; reason for success is outside indv

prejudice

unjustifiable attitude towards group ‘prejudgement’

stereotype

generalized belief about a group of people

discrimination

act negative towards the group —>negative emotions and beliefs

scapegoat theory

find someone to blame when something goes wrong

other race effect

recall ones own race from their face

ingroup

common identity

outgroup

percieved as different

ingroup bias

favor our own group

peripheral route

attitude change occurs through emotion, attract, superficial cue rather than logic

TEMPORARY ATTTITUDE CHANGE

central route persuasion

attitude change through thinking about facts, logic, and strong arguments.

LONG TERM ATTTIUDE CHANGE

compliance strategies

ways to get people to agree to request

foot in the door technique

first say yes to small things can lead to saying yes to something bigger

door in the face technique

unreasonable request means say yes to the next question

role

expectations about a social position

cognitive dissonance theory

people experience discomfort when conflicting beliefs, attitude and more motivated to reduce that discomfort

self fulfilling prophecy

expectation influences behavior, causing expectation to come true

just world phenomenon

believe world is just and people deserve what they get

homogeneity

uniform attitudes and how things are all alike

lowball technique

get someone to agree, change the terms

norms

understood rules for normal behavior

conformity

by solomon asch, adjust to the behavior to align with society.

suggestability and mimicry are important in this

normative social influence

influences result in desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

informational social influence

influences result from willingness to accept opinons about reality

social facilitation

better performance on easy task, bad performance on hard task

social loafing

exert less effor towards common goal than when individual accountability

deindividuation

loss of self awareness and restraint in situations fostering arousal and anonymity

group polarization

beliefs we bring enhance with people with like beliefs

group think

desire for harmony overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

culture

ideas, attitude, values shared by groups of people and passed along generations

consistency

how similarly the indv acts in the same situation over time

distinctiveness

how similar the situation is to others we have witnessed

consensus

how well others do in the same situation

display rules

how individuals may alter and manager their emotional expressions based on whom they are interacting with, and may vary across cultures

mere exposure effect

develop liking for someone or something because we are exposed to them often

reward theory of attraction

attracted to someone because you associate it with positive feelings

passionate love

physical attraction marked by loving feelings

companionate love

characterized by trust rather than intense passion

equity

relationship where people both receive benefits proportional to what they give

self disclosure

reveal intimate aspects of yourself

alturism

unselfish regard for welfare for others

bystander effect

tendency to not give aid if other people are present

social exchange theory

social behavior is exchange process, max benefits and minimal costs

reciprocity norms

expectation that we should return help to those who helped them

social responsibility norms

expectation that we should help those who need help

conflict

incompatibility of action, goals, or ideas

social traps

2 parties caught in mutually destructive behavior, pursuing own self interest

mirror image perceptions

mutual view of conflicting parties, ethical and peaceful vs evil and aggressive

self fulfilling prophecies

belief leading to own fulfillment

superordinate goals

shared goals overriding differences in people and requires coooperation

grit

graduated and reciprocated initatives in tension reduction; decreases international tensions

diffusion of responsibility

people are less likely to take action because others are present

pluralistic ignorance

group disagress but assumes everything is fine, so everyone just goes with the group