HOSA Pathophysiology Urinary system

symptoms of the urinary system

nausea, loss of appetite, fever, headache, and body aches, flank or low back, pain, edema, hematuria, decreased urinary output, hypertension, pruritus

acute glomerulonephritis

swelling of the glomeruli

glomerulus

A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.

CGN

chronic glomerulonephritis noninfectious causes a reduciton in filtration

oliguria

Decreased urine output

azotemia

(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood

creatine

An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.

dialysis

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

hemodialysis

dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream

peritoneal dialysis

A procedure performed in the peritoneal cavity in which the peritoneum acts as the semipermeable membrane

immunosuppressive

having the property of suppressing the body's immune response to antigens

Nephrosis

loses excessive amount of protein in urine caused by increased permeability to the glomerulus

ARF

A syndrome characterized by abrupt deterioration of renal function, occurs over a period of hours to days

nephrotoxic

Ability to damage the kidneys.

CRF

Chronic Renal Failure results from loss of nephrons

pyelonephritis

An infection of the renal pelvis & interstitium that will cause the kidney to shrink, scar, and become irregular shape. Common causes are kidney stones, vesicoureteral reflux (chronic reflux of urine up ureter), pregnancy, neurogenic bladder, instrumentation (organisms brought in by catheters, scopes, etc) and female sexual trauma. (pg 794,795 or 214 n)

catheterization

Insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye

hydronephrosis

abnormal diltaton of the renal pelvis caused by pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

renal calculi

stones in the kidney or ut formed by concentration of various mineral salts

lithotripsy

Crushing stones by sound waves

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

diabetic nephropathy

renal change from diabetes mellitus; expected in all patients with type 1; changes are glomerulosclerosis

Polycystic kidney

An inherited disorder characterized by multiple, bilateral, graplike clusters of fluid filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually replacing functioning renal tissue.

neurogenic bladder

dysfunction of the urinary bladder that consists of difficulty in emptying the bladder or urinary incontinence

stress incontinence

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

renal cell carcinoma

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood;renal cortex

nephrectomy

surgical removal of a kidney

bladder tumors

involve transitional epithelium (urothelium) that lines that the surface of the bladder