Nur 210 Exam 4 Study Set: Key Medical Terms & Definitions 2025-2026

Types of viruses

Flu

Herpes

Hepatitis A, B, & C

Most antivirals and antibiotics have what SE

GI distress

Anti-viral

Acyclovir

Acyclovir use

to prevent replication for herpes virus

Acyclovir SE

crystalluria

caution w/ electrolyte disorder

Acyclovir caution

nephrotoxicity

seizure disorder

Acyclovir teaching

increase fluid intake

get up slowly (orthostatic htn)

Anti-fungal (local)

Nystatin

Nystatin (topical) use

athlete's foot

Nystatin (oral) use

oral candidiasis (thrush)

vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

superficial fungal infections

oral candidiasis (thrush)

vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

tinea pedis (athletes foot)

systemic fungal infections

Lungs

CNS

abdomen

Opportunistic fungal infections

immunocompromised patient

superinfection

steroids

chemotherapy

Anti-fungal (systemic)

fluconazole

fluconazole route

Oral, IV, vaginal, topical

fluconazole use

-systemic fungal infections

-immunosuppressed pts to prevent yeast infection

fluconazole nursing interventions

-culture PRIOR to medication

- monitor LFTs

Urinary antiseptic

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin use

acute and chronic UTIs

Nitrofurantoin teaching

-Notify MD if there are signs of superinfection

-rinse mouth (stains teeth)

-urine turns rust/brown

Nitrofurantoin SE

turns urine rust/brown

Urinary analgesic

Phenazopyridine

Phenazopyridine use

does not get rid of infection

relieves symptoms

Phenazopyridine SE

red-orange urine and secretions

inherent resistance

Ability of the host to resist the disease independent of antibodies

acquired resistance

bacterial resistance to a drug to which they were previously taking for long periods of time

When should C & S be done?

prior to starting antibiotic

Macrolide antibiotic

Azithromycin

Antacid administration with macrolides

2 hr before or after macrolide dose

Azithromycin use

-STI

-Chlamydia

-when pts are allergic to PCN/cephalosporins

for stronger bacterial infections

Azithromycin SE

blurred vision

headache

drowsiness

fatigue

photosensitivity

Azithromycin ADR

Superinfection

tinnitus

hepatotoxicity (liver)

Azithromycin contraindications

hepatic/renal dysfunction

heart issues

TYLENOL

Azithromycin nursing interventions

monitor for liver enzymes & for s/s of liver issues

Glycopeptide antibiotic

Vancomycin

Vancomycin use

MRSA

serious infections

Vancomycin IV caution

give slowly to prevent redman syndrome

Vancomycin SE

chills

dizziness

GI distress

Thrombophlebitis (central IV)

Vancomycin ADR

nephrotoxic

ototoxic

redman syndrome

redman syndrome SE

rash to face, neck, back and chest

htn

tachycardia

wheezing

sometimes itching

Vancomycin nursing interventions

peak & trough

hearing test

renal test

Tetracycline antibiotic

Doxycycline

Doxycycline use

infections

acne

Doxycycline SE

stomatitis

GI distress

photosensitivity

discoloration of permanent teeth

Doxycycline ADR

superinfection

hepatoxicity

sjs

Doxycycline contraindications

decreases effects of oral contraceptives

children under 8

pregnant women

Doxycycline teaching

-use another form of birth control

-avoid milk, iron, antacids

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

Gentamicin

Gentamicin use

serious infections

Gentamicin SE

ototoxicity

superinfection

nephrotoxicity

Gentamicin nursing interventions

peak and trough

baseline hearing test

Sulfonamides antibiotic

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use

both drugs together cause bacteria resistance to develop much more slowly

-uti

-mrsa

-alternative to penicillin

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole SE

photosensitivity

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ADR

hypoglycemia

crystalluria

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole caution

diabetes

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole teaching

sun precautions

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole topical use

burns

sometimes skin ulcers

Amoxicillin SE

tongue discoloration

stomatitis

glossitis

Amoxicillin contraindications

allergy to other PCN or cephalosporins

decrease effect with acidic fruits/juices

Penicillin antibiotic

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin use

bacterial infections

Amoxicillin ADR

C. diff associated diarrhea

Fluoroquinolones antibiotics

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin use

severe infections

Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin ADR

SJS

tendon rupture

nephrotoxicity

hepatotoxicity

Antibiotics

Metronidazole

Cephalosporins

Amoxicillin

Azithromycin

Vancomycin

Doxycycline

Gentamicin

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Metronidazole teaching

NO alcohol

reaction: facial flushing, sweating, severe HA, slurred speech

Metronidazole use

GI (H. Pylori)

GU (STIs)

Metronidazole SE

Superinfection-(C.diff / thrush)

dark urine

metallic/bitter taste

GI distress

Cephalosporins use

bacterial infections

Cephalosporins SE

GI upset

dizziness/ vertigo

headache

Cephalosporins ADR

superinfection

nephrotoxicity

Cephalosporins teaching

Report symptoms ADR of yeast infection

no citric juices

Cephalosporins administration

IV over 30 mins

IM mixed w/ solution

Gastrointestinal antiemetics

promethazine

ondansetron

metoclopramide

promethazine SE

dizziness

(anticholinergic) DRYYYY

promethazine ADR

EPS

respiratory distress

ondansetron SE

headache

dizziness

metoclopramide MOA

increases GI emptying

metoclopramide use

POST OP

helps with peristalsis

metoclopramide SE

high doses can cause sedation & diarrhea

Gastrointestinal antidiarrheal

diphenoxylate with atropine

diphenoxylate with atropine use

diarrhea

diphenoxylate with atropine MOA

slows gastric motility

diphenoxylate with atropine caution

paralytic ileus with long term use

monitor bowel sounds

Gastrointestinal laxative

Bisacodyl

Bisacodyl use

constipation

Bisacodyl ADR

dependence

hypokalemia

Bisacodyl contraindiciations

if you have an electrolyte imbalance DO NOT GIVE

Bisacodyl nursing interventions

use only as needed with water

Metabolic acidosis

pooping

"pooping out your ass"

Metabolic alkalosis

vomiting

Antiulcers

antacid

famotidine

pantoprazole

sucralfate

Antacid

Magnesium (Mg) hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide

Famotidine (Pepcid) use

treat peptic ulcers & GERD

Famotidine (Pepcid) MOA

reduce gastric acid

Famotidine (Pepcid) contraindications

tale 30 mins before any other drugs

Pantoprazole MOA

reduce gastric acid

Pantoprazole contraindication

Take 30 mins before any other drug