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Entropy

A measure of the dispersal of energy in a system

Standard Enthalpy Change of Reaction

The enthalpy change when the reactants in the stoichiometric equation react to give the products under standard conditions

Standard Enthalpy Change of Formation

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions.

Standard Enthalpy Change of Combustion

The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions

Standard Enthalpy Change of Neutralisation

The enthalpy change when one mole of water is formed by reacting an acid and alkali under standard conditions

Lattice Enthalpy

The energy change when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions under standard conditions.

Enthalpy change of Atomisation

The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms are formed from the element in its standard state.

First ionisation energy

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.

First electron affinity

The enthalpy change that takes place when one electron is added to each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1- ions.

Mole

The amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope.

Definition of Electronegativity

The relative tendency of an atom in a covalent bond in a molecule to attract electrons in a covalent bond to itself.

Definition of Complex Ion

A transition metal ion bonded to 1 or more ligands by dative covalent bonds

Definition of Ligand

A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to a transition metal to form a dative bond.

Definition of Co-ordination number

The total number of dative bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands

Definition of Ligand substitution

One ligand replacing another

Definition of stereoisomerism

Same molecular formula, but a different arrangement in 3D space

Definition of Cis/Trans Isomers

Isomers formed when there are 2 different R groups bonded to each C of a C=C, which is unable to rotate, specifically when each carbon contains the same 2 groups of atoms