CNPS Midterm

What is Strategic Communication?

The purposeful use of communication by an organization to influence a target audience with a specific goal

What is Mass Communication?

The process of informing or influencing through mass media to large population segments

What is Interpersonal Communication?

Relationship building, inquiring, expressing emotions, informing, and influencing between two or more people

What does RICE stand for in terms of vulnerability?

Reward, Ideology (core beliefs), Coercion, Ego (self-image, idealized self and persona)

What does CPR stand for in communication?

Clarify (check what you heard), Paraphrase (put yourself in other's shoes, identify impact), Respond empathically (use feeling words, resist giving advice)

What does OODA Loop stand for?

Observe (gather information), Orient (analyze and interpret), Decide (best course of action), Act (implement decision and monitor results)

What is Effect-Based Operation (EBO)?

Focuses on desired goals using minimum resources, understands causal linkages between events, actions, and results. Has Physical, Moral, and Intellectual components

What are the four stages of Empathic Listening?

Stage 1: Mimicking content, Stage 2: Rephrasing content, Stage 3: Reflecting feelings, Stage 4: Rephrasing content and reflecting feelings (gives psychological air)

What are common perception biases?

Primary effect (early impressions), Recency effect (last impressions), Halo effect (central traits), Projection (attributing own thoughts to others), Pygmalion effect (self-fulfilling prophecy), Stereotyping

Why do false narratives resonate?

Uphold public persona, Confirmation bias, False appeal to authority, Dunning-Kruger effect, Appeal to fear and victimhood, Social in-group conformity, Direct anger toward out-group

What is Social Psychology according to Gordon Allport?

The scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

What does ROLES stand for in non-verbal communication?

Regulate your body, Open body posture, Lean toward person, Eye contact, face Squarely

What are Le Bon's characteristics of crowd behavior?

Anonymity (loss of personal responsibility), Contagion (spread of behaviors coalescing into singular mind), Suggestibility (swayed by emotion and charisma rather than reason)

What are the components of the Communication Gap?

Intentions are private, Actions are public (observable), Interpretation is private (depends on listener's state of mind), Impact is private (determined by listener's decoding, not speaker's intentions)

What does PMESII stand for in cultural assessment?

Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, and Infrastructure

What is the difference between Misinformation and Disinformation?

Misinformation: misunderstandings; Disinformation: deliberate falsehood created to manipulate and deceive people

What are the Physical and Psychological Planes in EBO?

Physical: tangible objects, actions, and measurable effects. Psychological: perception, understanding, motivation, emotions, and will of individuals/groups

What are the characteristics of Bruner's perceptual process?

Selectivity (not all cues used), Constancy (perceived same way over time), Consistency (select/ignore cues to form homogeneous image of target)

What are the 5 reasons we communicate?

1. Build a relationship, 2. Inquire, 3. Express feelings, 4. Inform, 5. Influence

What are the 3 levels of communication?

1. Tactical (Interpersonal), 2. Operational (Mass), 3. Strategic

What does SMART goal stand for?

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed

What is EBAO?

Effects-Based Approach to Operations

What does RICE stand for in influencing behavior?

Reward, Ideology (core beliefs), Coercion, Ego (self-image)

List 3 biases in perception

1. Primary effect (early cues), 2. Recency effect (recent cues), 3. Central trait/Halo effect (characteristics of target)

Define perception

The process of interpreting the data of our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment

What does ASCOPE stand for in Cultural Assessment Matrix?

Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, Events

What are the 3 components of EBO?

1. Physical (actions, organizations, equipment), 2. Moral (morale, cohesion, esprit de corps), 3. Intellectual (education, doctrine, perceptions)

List 6 characteristics of successful PR and Advertising campaigns

1. Emotional Response, 2. Linkage, 3. Association, 4. Engineering Consent, 5. Endorsement, 6. Supports Social Causes

Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning

Classical: learning through association (Pavlov). Operant: learning through rewards and punishments (B.F. Skinner)

What are the 6 factors of Cultural Identity?

Society, Power, Environment, Time, Communication, Justice

Define propaganda

Dissemination of a narrative intended to influence people to think and act in a particular way for a specific purpose

What are the 3 Freudian psychoanalysis components?

Id, Superego, Ego

What are the 5 Jungian psychoanalysis components?

Persona, Ego, Self, Shadow, Collective Unconscious

Define influence in communication

The effect that somebody or something has on the way a person thinks or behaves

What is the Pygmalion Effect?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Distinguish between self-serving bias and actor-observer effect

Self-serving bias: taking credit for success, denying responsibility for failures. Actor-observer effect: actors and observers view causes of behavior differently