APUSH portable flashcards U2

Virginia Company

James I granted a charter to this, it allowed Jamestown to thrive through trade deals with John Smith and the Powhatan at first.

Cash crops

Examples include Tobacco, Cotton, and (more rarely mentioned) Indigo dye.

The House of Burgesses

Established as the first elected representative legislature assembly in the English colonies, it later became a bicameral institution later on.

Indentured Servitude (indentured servants)

Introduced as a result of a lack of labor for cash crop growth in English colonies. Servants were granted land after a set period of time in which they were sheltered and fed.

Indian Massacre of 1622.

The Powhatan Confederate Revolt that caused the deaths of around 350 colonists.

Bacon's Rebellion

Caused by the indecency of wealthy farmers in Jamestown. Nathaniel Bacon would stop Indentured Servitude and as a result of his actions would begin the purchasing of cheap, long term slave labor.

The Transatlantic slave trade

AKA the Triangular Trade, this was the exchange between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.

Stono Rebellion

A rare, violent form of resistance in which 75 African Slaves fled from South Carolina to Spanish Florida, they were armed with guns but local militias stopped the resistance and left several dozens of both African Slaves and Whites dead.

Pilgrams

Also known as Separatists, these people wished to flee religious persecutions. The first few were led by William Bradford on the Mayflower en route to Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Mayflower Compact

The first governing document in America which was based on Puritan doctrine. Not long after, other puritans followed the pilgrams to New England.

Joint-Stock Company

John Winthrop formed this in 1630. It would lead around nine-hundred puritans to form the Massachusetts Bay colony in modern day Boston.

A model of Christian Charity

A sermon that John Winthrop gave to promise that Boston would be a “City upon a hill” where puritans lived through strict Christian principles.

Massachusetts Governing Body

The governing body was a general court held up by the elect. The official religion of Massa. was congregationalism where Puritan laws were enforced and other religions were driven out. Thousands of Puritans migrated to Massa. leading to the Great Migration.

Results of Massachusetts Governing Body

Due to the nature of the strict Puritan laws, individuals such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson would be banished for heresy. Thomas Hooker would establish the colony of Connecticut and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. He argued that Puritans had the right to vote on top of the right to property.

King Philip’s War

A war broken out between Natives and Whites as a result of a increasing number of white settlers living in the colonies. Metacom (King Philip) lead his tribe to fight against the whites who sided with the Mohawk and Mohegan tribe. Hundreds of natives and Whites died by the end of the war.

Half-Way Covenant

As the Church lost its power in New England, this was established to allow those not in the Elect to join the Church. Leaders lost power because of this action although the colonies still retained Puritan ideals and the Puritan Work Ethic.

Divine Right of Kings

The claim in which Charles I became selected as king by God.

Oliver Cromwell

Lead a Puritan army against Charles I allowing many puritans back to England, he later became a religious dictator where the colony of Maryland passed the Toleration Act.

Restoration Act

An act enacted by Parliament after Cromwell’s death. This would put Charles II on the throne where he established Restoration Colonies in order to enlarge the British empire.

North and South Carolina

Established as Proprietary Colonies by Charles II to 8 noblemen, these noblemen attempted to make a Manorial System but settlers protested against becoming serfs.

New Amsterdam

A Dutch city which got taken over by the English in 1674, it would then be renamed to the colony of New York.

William Penn

Granted the lands of Pennsylvania and Delaware, he would establish this colony for the quakers persecuted in England, it would be considered a Holy Experiment where the Frame of Government and a Charter of Liberties was established.

Mercantilism

The system adopted by England over its colonies, it would force the colony to trade their raw resources in exchange for pricier goods and services as a means to garner more wealth and thereby, gain more power in the world.

Navigation Acts

Established in 1660, this would force the colonies to only import of export on English ships.

Staple Act

The act established in 1663 where colonists were forced to import all items from England.

Revenue Act

Forced taxes on American grown sugar and tobacco in 1673.

Sir Edmund Andros

Appointed as governor of the Dominion of New England, he'd anger American colonists as he revoked their property rights and religious freedom.

2nd English Civil War

Mary and William of Orange would be put on the throne where both agreed to the English Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act (extending only to protesters) leading to the arrest of Andros.

Salutary Neglect

The term established by Parliament to leave the colonists alone, it was believed that they would fare well with more self governance.

The Enlightenment

A continuation of the Scientific Revolution that began in the Renaissance. Thinkers during this time would use natural laws and scientific logic rather than what was explained by church authority.

John Locke

His belief in natural rights would allow him to state that every person is entitled to life, liberty, and property.

1st Great Awakening

Being spread by revivals outside churches, New Light ministers challenged Old Light pastors leading to several churches breaking from old church doctrines. It also impacted societal and political ideals where the church would finally get separated from the state.

New England’s Economy

Mainly depended on fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, goods from Artisans, and lumber from mills powered by water falls. While little to no slave labor was seen in most northern colonies since most were opposed to it, they'd still benefit from the South Atlantic System (Triangular Trade).

Societal Hierarchy and Economy in the Chesapeake/Southern colonies

From top to bottom, wealthy planters (Gentry), small-often poor farmers (yeoman), indentured servants, and finally African Slaves. The economy was mainly based around the selling and buying of slaves and the production of cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, and cotton.