Rates of Reaction Vocabulary

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts related to rates of reaction, including factors that affect reaction rates and the role of catalysts.

Rate of Reaction

The speed of a chemical reaction.

Activation Energy

The smallest amount of energy needed for particles to react.

Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

Increased temperature, increased concentration/pressure, increased surface area, use of a catalyst.

Measuring Rate of Reaction

Measuring the change in the amount of a reactant or product.

Effect of Temperature on Rate

Higher temperature increases the rate of reaction due to particles having more energy and colliding more frequently.

Effect of Concentration on Rate

Higher concentration increases the rate of reaction because there are more particles in the same space, leading to more collisions.

Effect of Pressure on Rate (Gases)

Increasing pressure increases the rate of reaction because gas particles are closer together, increasing collision frequency.

Effect of Surface Area on Rate

Increased surface area increases the rate of reaction due to more area for reactant particles to collide with.

Catalyst

Substance that changes the rate of a reaction without being used up; lowers activation energy.

Enzyme

A biological catalyst in body care protein.

Why does increased temperature increase the rate of reaction?

At a higher temperature, particles have more energy. This means they move faster and are more likely to collide with other particles.

Nickel

A catalyst use to make margarine to replace vegetable oils.

Iron

A catalyst used to make ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen.

Platinum

A catalyst used to help turn harmful gases like carbon monoxide or nicotine to healthy gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen in car exhaust systems.

Importance of Catalysts

They speed up any reaction which save money and time, they lower the need to high temperatures, saving energy and reducing pollution, and they are also essential in living things.

Antibiotics

A type of medicine used to help fight infections caused by bacteria.

Characteristic of Antibiotics

Some bacteria have a resistance gene while others don’t, when they are exposed to antibiotics, nonresistant ones died, and resistant ones survive, the resistant ones multiply (making the infection harder to heal over time).

What do Antibiotics Kill?

Antibiotics only kills sensitive bacteria. Antibiotics uses selects for resistant bacteria allowing them to survive and multiply which can lead to antibiotic-resistant infection.