Female Reproductive system

What are the main roles of the female reproductive system?

Produce sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone), produce the egg (ova), support and protect developing embryo, and give birth to baby.

What are the two primary sex hormones produced?

Estrogen (main hormone) and Progesterone

Where is the female reproductive system located?

In the pelvic cavity

What are the female gonads and what do they produce?

The Ovaries; they produce eggs (ova) and sex hormones.

What are the small sacs in the ovaries containing immature ova?

Ovary Follicles

What is the process where a mature follicle ruptures to release an ovum?

Ovulation

How long does it take for an ovum to mature?

365 days

Where does fertilization (the joining of sperm and egg) typically occur?

In the Fallopian Tubes

What structures move the ovum from the ovary into the Fallopian tube?

Fimbriae

What aids the movement of the ovum through the Fallopian tubes?

Peristalsis and cilia

After fertilization, where does the ovum (blastocyst) implant?

In the endometrium (lining of the uterus)

Describe the shape and location of the Uterus.

Hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ located behind the bladder and in front of the rectum.

What are the three parts of the uterus?

Fundus (top), Body (main section), and Cervix (bottom)

Which layer of the uterus thickens for implantation and is shed during menstruation?

Endometrium (inner layer)

Which muscular layer of the uterus expands during pregnancy and contracts during labor?

Myometrium

What is the name of the structure that is the "neck of the uterus"?

The Cervix

What is the term for the process where the cervix shortens and thins out before birth?

Effacement

What are the three main functions of the Vagina?

Passageway for menstruation, female organ of intercourse, and the birth canal

What is the collective term for the external genital area?

The Vulva

What are the two small glands that secrete mucous for lubrication during intercourse?

Bartholin's Glands

What is the main function of the Mammary Glands in the breast?

Lactation after childbirth

Which gland produces FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?

The Pituitary Gland

What hormone causes the egg to mature in the ovary (Day 5-14)?

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

What hormone stimulates the release of the egg (Ovulation, Day 14)?

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

What hormone maintains the lining of the uterus and is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

Progesterone

What is the role of Estrogen in regulating the cycle?

It thickens the uterus lining, and stops FSH production to prevent more than one egg being released.

It thickens the uterus lining, and stops FSH production to prevent more than one egg being released. What happens during Menstruation (Day 1-5)?

The blood from the lost uterine lining is shed if the egg is not fertilized.

What does the endometrium turn into during pregnancy, and what is its role?

The Placenta; it supplies O
2 and nutrition to the fetus.

What is Endometriosis?

Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus that constantly grows and shreds.

Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus that constantly grows and shreds. What screening tool is used to detect Cervical Cancer?

Pap smear

Pap smear What are the key early detection methods for Breast Cancer?

Self-examination (monthly, end of menstruation) and yearly mammograms (ages 35-40).

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women in what age group?

Ages 40-