BIO356: Genetics & Evolution Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions from the BIO356 Genetics and Evolution lecture, focusing on genetic concepts, including genome structure, gene function, and evolutionary mechanisms.

Genome

One complete set of the genetic material in a cell, individual, or species.

Eukaryotic Genome

The genetic material contained within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, consisting of nuclear DNA and, in some instances, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.

Gene

A sequence of DNA that occupies a particular position in the genome and codes for a protein or RNA product.

Genome Size (C-value)

The amount of DNA in a haploid cell, measured in picograms or base pairs.

Introns

Parts of a gene that are transcribed into mRNA but removed before translation.

Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs)

Sequences of DNA that can move to different positions in the genome, usually containing information for their own transposition.

Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT)

The transfer of genetic information between organisms other than through reproduction.

Gene Duplication

A process where a gene is duplicated, resulting in more than one copy, which can lead to evolutionary change.

Chimeric Genes

Genes formed by the fusion of two previously independent genes.

Alternative Splicing

A process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins through variations in splicing.