FNR 240 Quiz and Exam Review

What dispersion pattern would a highly territorial species with antagonistic interactions have?

A uniform pattern

What dispersion pattern would a species that lives in grouped flock have?

A clumped pattern

What survivorship curve would a beetle have?

Type III

Which is larger, a fundamental niche or a realized niche?

Fundamental niche

When r increases in the population growth model, what happens to birth rates?

Birth rate exceeds the death rate

What is necessary for natural selection?

genetic variation, differential reproduction, inheritance, overproduction of offspring, and competition

What are the two sources of genetic variation?

Mutation and sexual reproduction

At what level does evolution occur at?

The population level

A species is almost wiped out due to a hurricane. The remaining population repopulate the area and have a small subset of alleles from the original population. What mechanism of evolution occurred?

Genetic Drift

Increasing elevation has an ecological effect similar to increasing the geographic coordinate…

latitude

Can individuals with the same genotype have different phenotypes?

Yes, both genotype and the environment play a role in an individual’s phenotype

What kind of feedback loop is a result of commensalism?

neutral

What kind of feedback loop is predation?

Negative with a slight lag

What kind of feedback loop is parasitism?

Negative, however, less pronounced than predation

What kind of feedback loop is competion?

Positive

What kind of feedback loop is mutualism?

positive

What percent of energy is PASSED on to the next trophic level?

10%

The current rate of extinction is how many times higher than the background rate?

100

Biodiversity increases as you move towards…

the equator

Alternative version of a gene at the same locus

allele

What explains why asexually reproducing species often are at a disadvantage relative to sexually reproducing species?

The red queen hypothesis

What is the highest level of organization in ecology?

Biosphere

What is the maximum number of individuals in a population that a habitat can sustain?

The carrying capacity

Why do trees in Canada turn yellow before trees in Arizona?

Phenotypic variation

What is a change that has been linked to climate change?

Rise sea levels

What gases have increased exponentially in concentration since the industrial revolution?

Carbon dioxide and Methane

How many species has been described on the planet?

1,900,000

What is an adaption for coping with extreme cold that is displayed by wildlife in tundra biomes?

Hibernation

What can influence climate change?

Solar radiation, proximity of oceans, presence of mountains, and latitude

What type of competition occurs when an organism actively interferes with another organism ability to access resources?

Interference Competition

What type of competition occurs when one species eats the other’s resource?

Exploitative Competition

Precipitation this is evenly distributed throughout the year, 4-6 months free of frost, a growing season that is 140-200 days long

Temperate Forest

Colf temperature, limited precipitation, low biotic diversity and permafrost

Tundra biome

Most precipitation in the form of snow, 130 days growing season, cold-tolerant evergreen conifers, such as pine, fir, and spruce, reduced light penetration and understory

Boreal forest

Hot summers and cold winters, few trees, mostly grasses, limited precipitation, and seasonal drought and fire are common

Grassland prairie

What are three factors that contribute to the urban heat island effect?

Limited vegetation, less water, impervious surfaces

What kind of species dominate early successional stages?

R-selected species

What bird is classified as both a non-game and game species in across different states?

Mouring Dove

What is NOT a factor in deciding a species is put on the list?

Economic impact of listing species