Newton's Laws and Forces

These flashcards cover key concepts pertaining to Newton's laws of motion, force calculations, and gravitational effects.

What does Newton's second law state about acceleration?

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

What is the formula associated with Newton's second law?

F = ma, where F is the net force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

What is the SI unit of force?

Newton (N).

How is acceleration related to mass according to Newton's second law?

Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.

If an object of mass 1 kg is accelerating at 4 m/s², what is the net force acting on it?

The net force is 4 N.

What is the English unit equivalent of 1 Newton?

Approximately 0.225 pounds.

If a force of 92 N acts upon a 6 kg block, what is the acceleration?

The acceleration is 15.33 m/s².

What happens to the acceleration when the net force is zero?

The object does not accelerate (a = 0).

Define net force.

The sum of all forces acting on an object.

What must be true for an object at rest on a table?

The net force acting on it must be zero.

What is the gravitational acceleration near Earth's surface?

Approximately 9.8 m/s².

In Newton's third law, what do action and reaction forces do?

They act on different objects and are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

What is the definition of normal force?

The force exerted by a surface that supports the weight of an object resting on it.

What does apparent weight refer to?

It refers to the magnitude of the normal force acting on an object.

If a woman weighs 735 N, what is her apparent weight if she accelerates upwards at 6 m/s²?

Her apparent weight is 1780 N.

What is terminal velocity?

The constant speed an object reaches when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

What is the gravitational force proportional to?

The product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

What is the universal gravitational constant (G)?

6.67 x 10^-11 N·m²/kg².

What is meant by inertia?

The resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion.

How does mass affect air resistance?

More mass results in greater air resistance when falling.

What is the formula for calculating weight?

Weight (W) = mass (m) x gravitational acceleration (g).

What happens when an object moves with constant velocity in terms of net force?

The net force is zero.

What does it mean for forces to be balanced?

The forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in no acceleration.

What is the effect of increased speed on air resistance?

Air resistance increases with the object's speed.

In circular motion, what is the direction of velocity?

The velocity is tangent to the circular path.

What is the result of the net force when all forces acting on an object cancel each other out?

The net force is zero, and the object will not accelerate.

If two forces of 70 N and 30 N act on an object in opposite directions, what is the net force?

The net force is 40 N in the direction of the larger force.

If an object's weight is greater than the normal force, what occurs?

The object will accelerate downward.

What is the direction of the normal force in relation to a surface?

The normal force acts perpendicular (90 degrees) to the surface.

How do we calculate mass if given force and acceleration?

Mass (m) can be calculated using m = F/a.