AP Human Geography Unit 2.10-2.12

Social Mobility

Mobility that implies a change in social hierarchy.

Migration

The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another.

Emigration

The act of a migrant leaving their place (country) of origin.

Immigration

The act of a migrant arriving at their destination.

Counter Stream

The flow of all migrants in direction opposite a particular migration stream, from its destination back to the origin.

Net Migration

The difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants.

Ravenstien’s Laws of Migration

11 laws of the patterns of migration.

Migration Age

The relatively stable relationship between the odds of migration and age across different countries.

Brain Drain

A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration.

Push Factors

Factors that cause people do be disatisfied with their present locales and want to move somehwere else.

Pull Factors

The attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants.

Brain Gain

A phenomenon where a country of a placee gains young, more educated, and skilled people through migration.

Intervening obstacles

The complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination.

Voluntary Migration

Migration that is done willingly

International Migration

When moves are made across nation borders

Guest Worker

A person with temporary permission to work in another country

Transnational Migration

When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they migrated.

Internal Migration (interregional)

When people move within the borders of a country.

Great Migration

The twentieth-century movement of a 6 million African Americans from the rural southern states to the cities of the Midwestern and northeastern states.

Step Migration (model)

Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places

Chain Migration

The process by which some people’s migration to a new place leads their family members friends, and others to move to the same place.

Forced Migration

Migration caused by forces out of one’s control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects

Refugees

A person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion

Internal displaced person

Someone who remains within his or hers country’s borders despite being persecuted by their home country.

Repatriated

To be sent back to one’s home country.

Diaspora

Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory

Asylum

The protection granted by a nation to protect a politcal refugee.

Quotas

A law that places maximum limits on the amount of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Migration Stream

The flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination.

Migration Selectivity

The tendency for certain people to migrate.

Intervening Opportunities

A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended desitnation farther away

Transhumance

A phenomenon where herders an their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures.