A&P: Cat Internal Anatomy Dissection

1. Lateral

“position or structure that is situated on the side of the body or an organ, away from the midline. It indicates a direction perpendicular to the sagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right halves.”

2. Medial

“to the direction towards the middle or midline of the body”

3. Proximal

“a location closer to the center of the body, point of attachment, or origin of a structure. For example, the knee joint is proximal to the ankle joint, meaning it is closer to the body's center.”

4. Distal

“a location that is farther away from the center of the body or the point of attachment of a limb”

5. Adduction

This is the movement of a limb toward the midsection of the body. Example: moving your arms back down to your sides from a raised position

6. Abduction

This is the movement of the limb away from the midline of the body. Example: raising your arms to the side.

7. Flexion

This movement reduces the angle between two body parts, bringing them closer together. Example: bending the elbow

8. Extension

This movement increases the angle between two body parts, moving them further apart. Example: straightening the elbow.

9. Supination

The rotational movement of the forearm or foot to turn the palm or sole upward or outward. This motion is performed by the biceps brachii and supinator muscles.

10. Pronation

A rotational movement in anatomy that describes the inward rotation of a body part. For example, rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

11. Inversion

The movement of the foot where the sole is turned inward, towards the body's midline.

12. Eversion

The movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline of the body.

13. Circumduction

a movement in which a limb or body part moves in a circular motion around a fixed point

14. Dorsiflexion

the upward bending of the foot or hand at the ankle or wrist

15. Plantar flexion

a movement of the foot in which the toes move downward and the heel moves upward

16. Rotation

the circular motion of a bone or body part around its own axis

17. Sagittal plane

an imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

18. Coronal Plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

19. transverse plane

a horizontal plane that divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) half

20. Dorsal

the back or upper surface of an organism, which includes the dorsal body cavity containing the brain and spinal cord

21. Ventral

towards the front or belly side of the body

22. Serous membrane

thin layer of tissue that lines internal body cavities and covers organs, secreting a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between them.

23.Origin

less moveable attachment point of skeletal muscle

24.Insertion

more moveable attachment point of skeletal muscle

25. Tendon

a fibrous collective tissue that connects muscle to bone, enabling movement. They are found all over the body, linking muscles to bones in areas such as shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, and heels.

26. Bursa

A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, tendons, and muscles to reduce friction and allow for smooth movement. (They are located near major joints like the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee.)

27. Fossa

an anatomical depression within a bone

28. Ligament

a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.

29. Condyle

“to a rounded, articular prominence found at the end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone. Condyles provide stability and allow for smooth movement between bones.”

30. Aponeurosis

a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment.

31. Labrum

a tough, flexible ring of fibrocartilage that deepens and reinforces the rim of a ball-and-socket joint. The two main locations of a labrum are in the shoulder and in the hip.