AENG 415 Oral Quiz

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards causing workplace injuries and illnesses, such as gloves, aprons, safety glasses, and safety shoes.

Control of Hazardous Energies

includes any electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, thermal, gravitational, or other energy that can harm personnel.

Electrical Energy

energy from live power lines, batteries, or capacitors. Risks include electrical shock and exposure to electrical arcs.

Hydraulic Potential Energy

energy stored in pressurized liquid. Risks include being crushed or struck by moving machinery.

Pneumatic Potential Energy

energy stored in pressurized air. Risks include being crushed or struck by machinery or equipment.

Chemical Energy

energy released during chemical reactions, often as heat. Risks include fire or explosion.

Thermal Energy

energy from explosions, flames, or heat sources. Risks include burns, frostbite, and dehydration.

Radiation Energy

energy related to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Risks include skin burns, radiation sickness, and genetic damage.

Gravitational Potential Energy

energy related to the mass of an object and its height from the ground. Risks include falling objects.

Mechanical Energy

energy stored in items under tension, such as springs. Risks include being struck by objects.

Confined Space

a space not designed for continuous human occupancy, with restricted entrance/exit, posing potential health or safety risks.

Basic Electrical Safety Hazards

risks include severe burns and nervous system damage when electricity is applied to the human body.

Fall Protection

measures to prevent falls, a common cause of serious work-related injuries and deaths.

ABC of Fall Protection

Anchorage, Body Wear, Connecting Device.

Barricades

obstructions used to deter passage of persons or vehicles. Barricade tape colors indicate levels of caution.

Scaffolds

temporary or movable platforms for working at height.

Requirements of Fire

three elements are required for a fire: fuel, heat, and oxygen. Fuel combines with oxygen in the presence of heat, releasing more heat, and reducing itself to other chemical compounds.

Fuel

combines with oxygen and releases heat, resulting in the fire's continuation and the reduction of fuel to other compounds.

Heat

accelerates the combination of oxygen with fuel, increasing the heat output.

Oxygen

combines chemically with fuel through oxidation. Rapid oxidation results in combustion or burning.

Fire Safety in Aircraft Maintenance

electrical tools producing sparks, heat-producing equipment, and flammable liquids and gases create a high potential for fire during aircraft maintenance.

Classification of Fires by Class

Class A: ordinary combustibles (paper, wood); Class B: flammable liquids (gas, oil); Class C: live electrical equipment; Class D: combustible metals (magnesium); Class K: cooking oils.

Class A Fire

fires involving ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth, rubber, or plastics.

Class B Fire

fires involving flammable liquids, gases, oil, paints, or lacquer.

Class C Fire

fires involving energized (live) electrical equipment such as motors or power tools.

Class D Fire

fires involving combustible metals like magnesium, titanium, or sodium.

Class K Fire

fires involving combustible cooking oils or fats used in cooking appliances.

Water

Soda Acid and Water Extinguisher - used to cool fires, primarily for Class A fires.

CO2 Fire Extinguisher

never use on hot metal, as it can cause explosive metal expansion.

Dry Powder Extinguisher

not recommended for aircraft use except on metal fires (Class D).

Foam Extinguisher

cools the fuel and burning liquids to extinguish Class B fires.

Wet Chemical Extinguisher

contains water and chemicals like potassium acetate to extinguish Class K fires.

Industrial Hygiene

science dedicated to recognizing, evaluating, and controlling environmental stressors that could injure or affect the health of workers.

Ergonomics

aims to reduce stress and eliminate injuries caused by bad posture, overuse of muscles, and repeated tasks.

Noise in the Workplace

long-term exposure to loud noise can cause hearing loss.

Temperature Hazards

extreme temperatures (high or low) can cause heat stroke, exhaustion, or cold-related conditions like frostbite.

Indoor Air Quality

influenced by pollution from machines, outside pollution, dust, and gases inside the workplace.

Chemical Exposure

chemical hazards like liquids, fumes, or dust can be absorbed, inhaled, or ingested, leading to illness or injury.

Non

Ionizing Radiation - includes UV radiation and laser radiation, which can cause burns.

Ionizing Radiation

poses significant health risks and is found in environments like healthcare facilities or nuclear reactors.

Biological Hazards

living organisms like fungi, viruses, and bacteria that can cause infections. Workers in labs or dealing with animals are at risk.

Hazard Communication (HazCom)

ensures that individuals working with hazardous substances are aware of the hazards and safe work practices.

HazCom Program

developed to classify chemical hazards, communicate these hazards, and ensure safety practices to minimize exposure.

Safety Risk

the assessment of a hazard's potential consequences expressed in terms of predicted probability and severity, based on the worst foreseeable situation.

Example of Safety Risk

a wind of 15 knots across the runway is a hazard. The risk is the potential inability of the pilot to control the aircraft during takeoff or landing, assessed in terms of probability and severity.

First Fundamental of Safety Risk

involves identifying, analyzing, eliminating, or mitigating risks that threaten an organization's capabilities to an acceptable level. It aims for balanced resource allocation and effective risk control.

Objective of the First Fundamental

aims for balanced resource allocation to address all risks and provide viable risk control and mitigation.

Importance of the First Fundamental

a key component of safety management systems, it uses a data-driven approach to safety resource allocation, making it defensible and easier to explain.

Cost

Benefit Analysis - Direct Costs - the obvious costs that are easily determined. High costs of exposure to hazards can be mitigated by insurance, though it only transfers monetary risk, not the safety hazard itself.

Cost

Benefit Analysis - Indirect Costs - uninsured costs, fundamental for understanding the economics of safety. Examples include loss of business, damage to reputation, loss of equipment use, staff productivity loss, legal actions, fines, and insurance deductibles.

Second Fundamental of Safety Risk

Probability: the likelihood of an unsafe event or condition occurring.

Questions for Assessing Probability

history of similar occurrences, presence of similar defects in other equipment, number of personnel following procedures, and frequency of equipment or procedure use.

Third Fundamental of Safety Risk

Severity: the potential consequences of an unsafe event or condition, taking into account the worst foreseeable situation.

Severity in Terms of Consequences

includes impacts on property, finance, liability, people, environment, image, and public confidence.

Questions for Assessing Severity

number of lives potentially lost, environmental impact, property or financial damage, organizational implications, political implications, and media interest.

Fifth Fundamental of Safety Risk

Mitigation: measures to address or reduce the risk probability or severity. It includes risk control strategies.

Avoidance

canceling operations when risks outweigh benefits (e.g., avoiding aerodromes with complex geography without necessary aids).

Reduction

reducing operation frequency or mitigating consequences (e.g., limiting operations to daytime visual conditions).

Segregation of Exposure

isolating hazard effects or adding redundancy (e.g., limiting operations to aircraft with specific navigation capabilities).