APUSH U3

Period 4: 1800-1848

Election of 1800

1st election between opposing parties; Jefferson wins; peaceful transfer of power; electoral tie - congress decided

Jeffersonian Republic

Increased power in the executive branch (ironic); favored democracy by the masses over an aristocratic democracy

Louisiana Purchase

Around doubled the size of the US; land bought for 3¢/acre (total $15mil for 531.2 acres)

Manifest Destiny

US had a God-given right to expand westward, even if it meant encroaching on and stealing natives’ territories

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years; created Judicial Review

Judicial Review

the ability of a Federal Court (esp. Supreme Court) to interpret both laws and the constitution alongside their constitutionallity

Barbary Pirates

Arabs operating off the coast of N. Africa; raided US & Eur. ships; Jefferson sent marines to deal with them in 1803 without congressional approval

Impressment

Britain attacking & kidnapping US sailors (most were British-born US immigrants); Chesapeake incident is a major example

Embargo Act of 1807

Jefferson’s attempt at preventing a war with England; halted the export of US goods to Europe; asked for “peaceable coercion”

War of 1812

US vs GB; US wanted true sovereignty (no Brit. forts in the west); ends in a stalemate; last major battle fought after the war ended

James Madison

Sec. of State under Jefferson; elected President in 1810

War Hawks

Americans pushing for US involvement in the W1812

Tecumseh

native leader who argued that the natives had a right to their land because they were there first

Aaron Burr

Hamilton’s friend and killer; lost the election of 1800 after Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over him

Andrew Jackson

7th president; “old hickey;” military leader during the W1812, specifically the battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans

last major battle of the W1812; was fought nearly 2 weeks after the treaty ending the war was signed as communication was slow; US victory - used to argue that the US technically won the war

James Monroe

5th president; won the election of 1816 nearly unanimously; DR

Virginia Dynasty

4 out of the first 6 presidents were all from VA (minus Adams and JQA who were from MA)

John Quincy Adams

6th president; Monroe’s Sec. of State; Adams’ son

Henry Clay

“great compromiser;” member of the HoR, then a Sec. of State, then a senator; created the American System

The American System

created by Henry Clay; 3 major parts: (1) protective tariffs, (2) a 2nd national bank, (3) infrastructural improvements paid for by the fed. gov; never passed in full by congress, but its existence proved that Hamilton still had influence

Tariff of 1816

taxed imported goods; protected US manufacturers by encouraging people to buy American; 1st protective tariff