UNIT THREE:

ALVEOLI

Small air sacs found in the lungs at the end of bronchioles which provide a large surface area for gas exchange.

BRONCHI

The two airways branching out from the trachea and lead to the smaller bronchioles.

BRONCHIOLES

Small airways which branch out from the bronchi and end at the alveoli.

CAPILLARY

A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues.

DIAPHRAGM

A large sheet of muscle below the lungs used to reduce and increase the lung capacity to create pressure changes necessary for ventilation.

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

A set of muscle found between the ribs on the outside that are involved in forced and quiet inhalation.

GIL FILAMENTS

Small divisions of the gills in fish that extend off the gill arch.

GIL LAMELLAE

Small protrusions on the gill filaments designed to increase the surface area available for gas exchange.

INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

A set of muscles found between the ribs on the inside that are involved in forced exhalation.

SPIRACLES

Small openings on the surface of insects that allow for the exchange of gases with their environment.

SPONGY MESOPHYLL

A type of loosely packed mesophyll tissue with air pockets found in plant leaves which is specialised for gas exchange.

STOMATA

Small holes found on leaves that can be opened or closed by guard cells to control the amount of water loss and gas exchange.

TRACHEA

The main airway that acts as a passage for air to pass to and from the bronchi.

TRACHEA (MAMMALS)

A tube reinforced with cartilage that allows t for the movement of air between the larynx and bronchi.

TRACHEAE (INSECTS)

Tubes leading from the spiracles to the tracheoles that are part of the gaseous exchange system.

TRACHEOLES

Very small tubes that make up the respiratory system of insects and carry gases from the tracheae to the cells.

XEROPHYTE

A type of plant that is adapted to survive in places with very little water.

XYLEM

The tissue that transports water in the stem and leaves on plants.

MISCELLES: