BIO SNU Human Physiology Course Pack Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from the BIO SNU Human Physiology lecture notes, focusing on definitions and functions relevant for understanding human physiology.

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, forming the smallest level of organization.

Tissue

An integrated group of cells with a common structure and function; typically an organ is made of several tissue types.

Organ

A structure consisting of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function within the body.

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform vital functions such as digestion or circulation.

Epithelial tissue

Organized into membranes, these cells line the interior and exterior surfaces of organs and body cavities.

Muscle tissue

Composed of cells that use ACTIN and MYOSIN proteins for movement, including smooth, cardiac, and skeletal types.

Connective tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues; includes specialized forms such as dense, loose, cartilage, and blood.

Nervous tissue

Composed of neurons and supportive glial cells that sense stimuli and transmit electrical signals throughout the body.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Negative feedback loop

A mechanism that counters a change in a controlled condition to return the system to its set point.

Positive feedback loop

A mechanism that increases the effect of a stimulus to accelerate a process, lacking a specific set point.

Macromolecules

Large, complex molecules essential to life, categorized into carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds used for energy and structure, composed of monosaccharides like glucose (C{6}H{12}O_{6}).

Lipids

Hydrophobic macromolecules including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, used for long-term energy storage and membrane formation.

Proteins

Functional polymers made of amino acids that catalyze reactions, provide structure, and facilitate cell signaling.

Nucleic acids

Polymers made of nucleotides, such as DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information.

Essential nutrients

Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through dietary intake.

What muscle tissue controls involontary mouvement

Smooth muscle(digestive tract, peristalsis, blood vessels)

Cardiac Muscle (heart)

What muscle tissue controls volontary mouvement

Skeletal (limbs, head, neck, thorax including diaphragm)

Function nervous tissue

sensory information, integration, motor commands: neurons and neuroglia