PIG Topic 3 Quiz

99% of these definitions come right from the slides!

Enumerated Powers

Powers given to the federal government alone

Dual Federalism (Layer Cake Federalism)

Separate policy areas for the federal and state government

Block Grant

A grant given to a state by the federal government for broad purposes. Ex: welfare programs, housing programs

Recall

Citizens can vote to remove an official before their term is up

Reserved Powers

State powers, defined in the 10th amendment: Any powers not specifically given to the federal government go to the states

Judicial Review

Supreme Court has the right to rule on the constitutionality of laws; needs to be decided through a court case. Established in the case of Marbury v Madison

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

Gives Congress the power to do whatever it deems necessary and constitutional to meet its enumerated obligations; very similar to implied powers

Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)

The state and federal governments share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas; causes gradual strengthening of the federal government at the expense of the states

Project Grant

Federal grants given for individual projects that states compete for (research; implementation of experimental program)

Unfunded Mandate

State required mandates given by the federal government despite the FG not giving the states grants to fund these mandates; Ex: disability accommodations such as ramps

Full Faith & Credit Clause

Requires that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. Ex: birth/death certificates, licenses

Popular Sovereignty

The people give the government its power

Separation of Powers

Judicial, executive, and legislative powers assigned to different persons rather than one person or group controlling everything

Supremacy Clause

Makes the Constitution and federal laws supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Confederal System

Government in which local units hold all the power

Devolution/New Federalism

The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states; Popular with Republicans: Nixon, Reagan

Initiative

Aspect of Federalism where citizens may propose a law

Limited Government

Government has only those powers that the people give it.

Concurrent Powers

Shared powers between the state and federal government

Fiscal Federalism

The federal government's use of grants-in-aid (grants of money and other resources) to influence policies in the state; ex: if you (states) raise the drinking age to 21 we'll (federal gov't) give you money to build roads with

Categorical Grant

Grants used for clearly defined purposes (infrastructure, school lunches, environment/ EPA grants)

Referendum

Citizens can vote on a proposal directly

Implied Powers

The powers of the national government that are suggested by the expressed powers; ex: the Constitution doesn't directly give the federal government the power to create a National bank, but they did

Nullification

Declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders.