apush unit 4

Embargo act

jeffersons’s first attempt to protect trade but hurting the american economy

non intercourse act 1809

replaced embargo act and cut off trade with GB and France only, failed to address the nation’s economic issues

Adam’s onis treaty

spain ceded Florida to the US, establishhed the western boarder int he Luisiana territories

anglo-american convention

agreed between GB and US for joint occupation in the Oregon county, by 1846, a new treaty established US passion of the Oregon territory below the 49th parallel

war of 1812

rising tension and Britians refused to evacuate troops from forts in the US frontier, continues impressment

treaty of Ghent

ended war of 1812 and mmaintained status quo

monroe doctrine

western hemisphere is US sphere of influence, and eastern is european business

samuel slater

created the first textile factory in the US

Eli Whitney

introduced goods with interchangeable parts, goods could be fabricated one piece at a time and then assembled, done by machine, human workers can be entirely unskilled

cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper

led to greater agricultural productivity, equal to five farmers harvesting by hand

Cumberland Road

federal government infrastructure example, national republican ( whigs) approved federal spending on this interstate road, facilitated westward migration, helped connect western farmer to eastern market, Democrats invoked the fear of growing federal power at the expense of the states

Lancaster Trunpike

state government infrastructure example

Erie Canal

linked Albany to Buffalo in NY

election of thomas jefferson

peaceful transfer of power between factions (republican gov system can work despite disagreement)

Jefferson’s embargo act

cut off all foreign trade to force GB and French to respect US neutrality, improved US manufacturing and pared the way for the market revolution

Louisiana Purchase 1803

constitution didnt grant the authority to purchase land from a foreign gov, jefferson’s vision for america was agraian

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

explored and mapped the northwest

Zebulon Pike

explored and mapped the south

Marbury v Madison

John Marshall led the court to claim judicial review, the court could decide whether a law violates the constitution or not

McCulloch v Maryland

declared that federal laws are supreme over state laws

Panic of 1819

nation wide economic depression, caused by a series of irresponsible practices from the Second Bank of the US

new democrat leader

andrew jackson

new national republican leader

john quincy adams

tariff of abominations

put economic strain on the southern states, south carolina would secede from the Union if tariff was enforced

Force Bill

gave jackson authority to send federal troops to south carolina to collect the taxes, jackson promised south carolina he’d work to reduce the tariffs

Bank war

charter for the second bank of the US was up for renewal, jackson aimed to veto new charter, the federal deposits and deposited them into loyal state banks

Indian removal act 1830

targeted the removal of many different American Indian groups from the US, trail of tears

Worcester v Georgia

the supreme court ruled that cherokee removal was unconstitutional

Bank Hawk War

massacre of American Indian and forced removal of survivors

cult of domesticity

a women’s rle was to raise virtuous children and serve their husband

nativist backlash

nativist targeted the Irish for many reasons, for example catholicism

Lowell Girls; Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

organized first women’s labor union in the US

Romanticism

began as a European movement, reaction to the cold, angular, disimpassioned thinking of the Enlightenment, emphasized emotional exuberance, imaginative exploration and spontaneity

James Fenimore Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans

romanticized the opportunity and danger of the mysterious western land of America, contrasted the “natural man” of the frontier with the men who had been corrupter by civilization

transcendentalism

created and led by Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Errerson, deeply influenced by the emotional emphasis of romanticism, truth was beyond the senses and must be accessed by other means

second great awakening

social reform

Charles Grandison Finney

christian should reform society of evils (alcohol and slavery) to usher in the kingdom of God on earth

church of latter day saints (mormons)

mormons exiled themselves, established a theocracy under the leadership of Birgham Young

Oneida Community in NY

all members surrendered their property to the group, encouraged to participate in complex marriage

Temperance movement

sought to eliminate the prodution of alcohol and consumption of alcohol in the US

American temperance Society

founded by middle class clergy businessmen aimed to reform drunkness among working class men, several states enacted prohibition law

Seneca Falls Convention

organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, produced the declaration of sentiment, argued for women’s full equality with men in all areas of society include employment, education and franchise

Henry Clay’s American system

sought to grow the federal economy and unite the reigonal economies

infrastructure projects

roads and canals, benefited western farmers in the frontier

protective tariffs

tariff of 1816, to protect domestic industry not to raise federal revenue

second bank of the United States

regulated public credit issued through local banks issued a national currency

Henry Clay’s missouri compromise (compromise of 1820)

missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state, marked 30。31’ line of lattitude as geographical division of slavery

Yeoman farmers

worked their own land and could not afford slaves

John C. Calhoun

slavery is positive good, form the economy of the south and slaves themselves

David Walker’s An appeal to the colored citizen of the world

pushed for immediate abolition of slavery, or wise, enslaved blacks would emancipate themselves by force

William Lloyd Garrison’s “ The Liberator”

inspired by David walker, argued for immediate abolition without restitution to enslaves

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

white planters feared more rebellion could soon break out, States accross the south imposed much harsher slave codes