Quiz 3 materials and assemblies.

The output achieved through digital code is called

The output achieved through digital code is called

CNC or computer Numerical control

CNC

Computer Numerical Control

The relationship between three-dimensional digital models and the built environment it's based upon the

output of information between the computer and automated fabrication devices

The use of digital fabrication techniques in architecture allows for

greater diversity in building form, detail, and proportion

Advocates for digital design argue that these fabrication techniques provide a combination of creative solutions achieved at a similar efficiency to

mass-production

digital fabrication overcomes the repetitiousness of

modernity without a loss of productivity.

Mass Customization

digital fabrication overcomes the repetitiousness of modernity without a loss of productivity.

Three categories of digital fabrication

Additive Processes, Subtractive, Bending

The Porter House is the renovation and conversion of a

six-story 30,000 sq. ft. warehouse to residential condominiums

The Porter House had a custom Fabricated zinc panel for the

Facade and floor-to-ceiling windows.

The the extension to the existing building is clad in a zinc sheet metal called

ANTHRAZINC

Zinc rain-screen emerges from a family of

15 profile types

there are 150 versions of profiles, yielding

4000 total panels

Variations of the porter house were achieved by

Cutting and bending each profile type of panel differently

The cladding elements are directly made through

subtractive and forming

What is the bending process

Cladding through subtractive and forming

The porter house Creators were going for an ambience of complexity and randomness

To fit in with the existing environment

The use of building information modelling BIM achieved huge gains in

fabrication and installation time

BIM

Building Information Modeling

Accuracy in the production of the varying panel elements and material use

efficiency

The porter house Elevation pattern based on the most efficient layout of panels on a standard width

39” by 118” of Zinc Sheets

What program were used in the porter house

Rhino and solid works

How did the project team if the porter house minimize waste

By working closely with the fabricator

in the porter house Data in an Excel table was processed by a

three-dimensional design program

Why was data and in an excel table processed by a three-dimensional design program in the proter house

to Create working drawings for all the facades

Using data transfer, the panels could then be cut, formed and identified automatically

on the manufacturer’s premises

To make the porter house, Panels were cut and bent directly from

SHoP’s digital files

The porter house had a highly custom look with

Variable sized panels

How many puzzles were in the porter house

3800

The porter house was a rare example of an architect acting as a

Contactor

Mulberry House is by

Shop Architects.

290 Mullberry Street is a

27,000-square-foot combined residential and commercial building

When was the mulberry house constructed

2008

The mulberry house is mostly bricks to

match the neighborhood and complement the highly articulated Historical brick facades.

Mulberry House uses a

precast system with a veneer of brick tied to a concrete structure

Mulberry House is a form of

brick-clad precast construction

Why did the Mulberry house use precast

It saved labour cost, Saved time on site, High quality and building parts could be built ahead of time and stored in preparation of construction.

To advance the construction system of the mulberry house, The shop architects

did this through an undulating brick pattern that creates patterns of light and shadow

Each brick in the mulberry house is a

¾ inch offset from its adjacent brick

On the mulberry house, Everything along the façade is based on a

grid of rectangles in proportion 3 to 2

Low to high to medium points produces an

undulating surface and a visual interest

The mulberry house pattern breaks down into

8 different precast elements

The staggered pattern of alternating elements of the mulberry house were done to

appear simple on the Facade

The profile of the precast unit gets more complex with the addition of

tapered vertical sections to the window opening and the sill above which were made from a mold.

How were the bricks made in the mulberry house?

Bricks were help in mold, bricks were stacked into the mold and arranged to turn corners to look like whole bricks and maintain the flemish bond. Then concrete was poured into the mold to brim and set in between of the anchors of the brick veneer

Mold uses

Digital fabrication

CNC routed from a synthetic surface that holds the bricks in position and allows

the concrete to get in between the bricks to look like mortar

The mold is made to release the precast from the mold without

adhering to the concrete

The tapered section is an

extension to the mold step in the precast

Sill is more complicated as it protrudes beyond the

face of the precast it makes it difficult to include in the same mold.

Only when examining the rear of another precast, we can see that it was

added to the unit after it has been struck from the mold.

Additional mold was added, and the sill was cast and bonded to the

larger unit

There are voids in the precast to reduce its overall

weight

steel anchors embedded into the mulberry house to fix it to

the concrete structure.

Once the unit is completed,

it is lifted into position

all the other elemnets like windows were

included into the sequence

Together creates a ripple effect where gaps express the construction process with

maximum undulation and minimum weight to concrete

The application of glass fiber-reinforced polymer or fiber-reinforced polymer is described by the Snohetta’s project as

A cladding system.

GFRP

glass fiber-reinforced polymer

FRP panels

fiber-reinforced polymer

The new SFMOMA realizes in built form the museum’s goals of being

a welcoming center for arts education and an important public space for the Bay area.

The eastern façade of the snohetta’s expansion was inspired by

the waters of the San Francisco Bay

The eastern façade of the snohetta’s expansion comprises more than

700 uniquely shaped FRP

The 700 uniquely shaped FRP panels affixed to a

curtain wall system to create rippling horizontal bands.

Silicate crystals from Monterey Bay embedded in the surfaces of the panels

catch the changing light and cause the façade to shift in appearance throughout the day.

The snohetta’s expansion building relies of CNC routing technology to create

molds for casting the skin.

The snohetta had the most extensive use of

FRP in a US architectural building project, to date.

The snohetta facade explored a

NURBS surface coputer modelling technique to create the facade

The use of what create a surface between two NURBS lines

Lofting

The snohetta project originally called for

Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC)

What did they choose to used FRP panels instead of GFRC

Because FRP panels were lighter than GFRC. this reduced the amount of structure and size of the foundations.

The FRP is based on the

Curtain Wall system

Curtain Wall is typically designed as

cladding materials that are framed and fixed in place by extruded aluminum components.

two basic types of system

Stick systems, Unitized systems

Stick systems are built from

long vertical extrusions (mullions) attached to the building structure

Shorter horizontal extrusions span between the vertical mullions to create

the frames.

Cladding materials are then installed

into the frames.

Extrusions may be fabricated in the shop, but all assembly,installation and glazing takes place in

The field

Unitized systems are a newer adaptation of

curtain wall technology

A project’s main contractor always prefers to minimize the number of

subcontractors

Part of the building that is latent with liability is the

exterior wall

The vertical and horizontal framing members are

figuratively split

Independently framed “units” are to be assembled and glazed

in a factory

The units can be designed to span multiple floors or multiple horizontal modules, and

Can incorporate multiple cladding elements such as operable vents and windows.

Unitized systems concentrates fabrication and assembly in a

controlled factory setting rather than in the field.

Factory completed units are shipped to the project site and simply

hung on the building

Typically, unitized panel systems is a

Modernized computer modeled update to a traditional curtain wall.

Unitized panels feature

Glass or meter panels

The unitized panels are typically enclosed by a

203 mm thick aluminum frame

SFMOMA eventually adopted the unitized system with a

FRP rainscreen

Each contoured SFMOMA FRP rain screen panel would be attached to a

flat backing structure then attached to a unitized wall panel that includes a vapor barrier, insulation and weather barrier for the building

and weather barrier for the building was

Enclos

The lightness of the panels eliminated more than

450,000 kg of secondary steel structure

It is still required the use of a

secondary aluminum panel framing system

he building was composed of more than

700 panels

in the 700 panels, some were as large as

1.5 m wide by 9m long.

what was the surface area of the snohetta building

7804m2