Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

____ is a person trained to draw blood from a patient for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or resesarch

phlebotomist

blood is a type of ____ tissue

connective

2 basic components of blood

cells and plasma

rbc, wbc, and platelets are

blood cells

water, proteins, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, amino acids and cellular wastes are

blood plasma

blood cell percentage

45

blood plasma percentage

55

to determine the percentages, blood is placed in a _____. _____ cells settle to the bottom of the sample

centrifuge, heavier

hematocrit

percentage of blood and plasma

hematocrit tube from top to bottom

plasma, wbc, rbc

erythrocytes

red blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells

thrombocytes

platelets

shape of red blood cells

biconcave discs

red blood cells count per drop

5 million

_____ lack a nucleus

red blood cells

hematopoesis

formation of blood cells

hematopoiesis occurs in the

bone marrow

old blood cells are destroyed by the ____ and ____ through ____

liver, spleen, phagocytosis

4 trace elements of erythrocyte production

iron, copper, zinc, b vitamins

iron:

less than ___ percent of the ion we consume is absorbed. heme iron (from animal foods) is absorbed ____ efficiently than non-heme iron (plant foods)

20, more

iron:

_____ transports the iron across the ____ cell plasma membranes and from its storage sites into ____ where it enters the blood

ferroproteins, intestinal, tissue fluid

iron:

when ____ stimulates the production of erythrocytes, iron is released from ____, bound to ____, and carried to the ____ where it attaches to ____

erythropoietin, storage, transferrin, red marrow, erythrocyte precursors

copper:

enable to ____ of iron from Fe2+ to Fe3+, a form in which it can be bound to its transport protein, ____

oxidation, transferrin

copper:

component of two plasma proteins

hephaestin and ceruloplasmin

copper:

hephaestin enables ____ to be absorbed by ____ cells

iron, intestinal

copper:

ceruloplasmin transports ____

copper

copper:

in a state of copper deficiency, the transport of iron for heme synthesis ____, and iron can ____ in tissues, where it can eventually lead to ____

decreases, accumulate, organ damage

zinc:

functions as a ____ that facilitates the synthesis of the ____ portion of hemoglobin

coenzyme, heme

b vitamins include (2)

folate and vitamin b12

b vitamins:

function as ____ that facilitate ____

coenzymes, DNA synthesis

erythrocytes live up to ___ days in the circulation

120

erythrocytes removed by a ____ located primarily within the (3)

macrophage, bone marrow, liver, spleen

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ ____ are recycled

hemoglobin

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

____ is broken down into ____, which can be sent back to the bone marrow to be used in the production of new erythrocytes

globin, amino acids

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

____ that is not ____ is broken down in the circulation, releasing ____ and ____ chains that are removed by circulation by the ____

hemoglobin, phagocytized, alpha, beta, kidneys

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

the ____ contained the heme portion of the hemoglobin may be stored in the ____ or ____, primarily in the form of ____ or ____. it can also be carried through the bloodstream by _____ to the red bone marrow for recycling into new erythrocytes

iron, liver, spleen, ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

the _____ portion of the heme is degraded into the waste product ____ and then into ____

non-iron, biliverdin, bilirubin

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

bilirubin binds to ____ and travels in the blood to the ____, which uses it in the manufacture of ____

albumin, liver, bile

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

bacteria breaks the ____ apart from the bile and converts it to ____ and then into ____. it is then eliminated from the body in the feces

bilirubin, urobilinogen, stercobilin

(1) hemopoiesis of erythrocytes begins in the hemopoietic _____

(2) ____ are released into the bloodstream, where they mature into erythrocytes, which circulate for an average of 120 days

(3) old and damaged erythrocytes are ____ by macrophages in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen

(4) the globin (protein) portion of hemoglobin is metabolized into ____, which are reused for ____

(5) the heme portion is broken down into ____ for transport in the blood. the iron ions bind to the blood protein ____ for transport

(6) unused heme groups can be recycled and used in _____, or can be converted into ____ and can be used to make bile in the liver. iron ions can also be transferred to the protein ____ for storage in the liver

bone marrow

reticulocytes

phagocytized

amino acids, protein synthesis

biliverdin, transferrin

hemopoiesis, bilirubin, ferritin

broad-spectrum ____ typically eliminate these bacteria as well and may alter the ____ of feces

antibiotics, color

the ____ also remove any circulating ____ and other related metabolic byproducts such as ____ and secrete them into ____

kidneys, bilirubin, urobilin, urine

____ within the feces produce the typical brown color associated with its waste

stercobilins

the components of the degraded erythrocytes’ hemoglobin are recycled:

the yellow of urine is associated with the ____

urobilins

the breakdown of ____ formed from the destruction of ____ can be seen in a variety of situations such as bruising

pigments, hemoglobin

with a failing liver, ____ cannot be removed effectively from circulation and causes the body to assume a yellowish tinge associated with ____

bilirubin, jaundice

____ is a hormone that increases production of RBCs

erythropoietin

EPO raises your ____ level, ____ the blood, increasing the risk of ____

hematocrit, thickening, stroke

2 functions of rbc

transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

hemoglobin

protein that combines with o2

iron

binding site of oxygen

hemoglobin is a large molecule made up of ____ and ____

proteins and ions (alpha 1 and 2; beta 1 and 2)

hemoglobin:

each of these globin molecules is bound to a ____, which contains an ion of ____

heme, iron (Fe2+)

hemoglobin:

each iron ion in the heme can bind to ____ oxygen molecule; therefore, each hemoglobin can transport ____ oxygen molecules

one, four

hemoglobin:

an individual erythrocyte may contain about ____ million hemoglobin molecules, and therefore can bind to and transport up to ___ billion oxygen molecules

300, 1.2

oxyhemoglobin (oxygen and color)

plenty of oxygen and bright red

deoxyhemoglobin (oxygen and color)

low in oxygen and dark red

it is a myth that deoxygenated blood appears ____

blue

left oxygenated or deoxygenated

oxygenated

right oxygenated or deoxygenated

deoxygenated