States of Matter

Properties of solids

Defined shape, defined volume, molecules closely packed and regularly arranged, very slow movement, cannot easily compress or expand when heated.

Properties of liquids

Takes shape of container at a given pressure, defined volume at a given temperature, molecules medium packed, movement at medium speed, can compress or expand when slightly heated.

Properties of gases

Takes shape of a container at a given pressure, no defined volume; fills the container, molecules are scattered and far apart, molecules moving fast, can compress or expand easily.

Phase transitions

Matter can change between states.

Melting

Solid → Liquid.

Freezing

Liquid → Solid.

Evaporation

Liquid → Gas.

Condensation

Gas → Liquid.

Deposition

Gas → Solid.

Sublimation

Solid → Gas.

Open system

Matter can easily leave or enter the system as in an open bottle.

Closed system

Matter is contained as in a stoppered bottle.

Direct relationship

1 property increases, the other property increases.

Inverse relationship

1 property increases, the other property decreases.

Pressure

The result of molecules of gas bumping into each other and the sides of a container.

Pressure and temperature relationship

Increased temperature increases pressure because molecules move faster and bump into each other and the container more.

Pressure and concentration relationship

More molecules means increased pressure because of more collisions between the molecules.

Boyle's Law

The relationship between pressure and volume: increased pressure → decreased volume, decreased pressure → increased volume.

Concentration-pressure relationship

Increased concentration → increased pressure, decreased concentration → decreased pressure.

Charles' Law

The relationship between temperature and volume: increased temperature → increased volume, decreased temperature → decreased volume.

Pressure-temperature relationship

Increased temperature → increased pressure, decreased temperature → decreased pressure.