Bio132: 18.6: Genomics 3

Comparing genome sequences provides clues to ______ and ______.

Evolution, development

Comparative studies of genomes reveal much about the…

Evolutionary history of life

Comparative studies of genomes help clarify ______of present-day life-forms

Mechanisms that generated the great diversity

Genome comparisons of closely related species help us understand____ evolutionary events

Recent

Relationships among species can be represented by a _____ diagram

Tree-shaped

Define Highly conserved genes.

Genes that have changed very little over time.

What can highly conserved genes tell us about evolution?

They inform us about relationships among species that diverged from each other a long time ago.

Genomes of closely related species are …

Likely to be organized similarly

How was the human genome helpful in sequencing the chimpanzee genome?

Researchers used the human genome sequence as a guide to quickly sequence the chimpanzee genome.

Genetic differences between closely related species can be _____ with phenotypic _____.

Correlated, differences

How do human and chimpanzee genomes differ?

They differ by 1.2% at single base pairs and by 2.7% due to insertions and deletions.

•Several genes are evolving _____ in ______ than in chimpanzees

Faster, humans

Humans and chimpanzees differ in the expression of the ______ whose product turns on genes involved in ______.

FOXP2 gene, vocalization.

What gene difference may explain why humans can communicate by speech but chimpanzees cannot?

Differences in the FOXP2 gene.

Why do humans have low within-species genetic variation?

Because humans have only been around for about 200,000 years as a species.

Variation within humans is due to_________, _________, deletions, and duplications.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms, inversions

What percentage of all known species of plants and animals are found in the rainforests of the Gulf of Guinea and Congo Basin?

Approximately 20%.

Evolutionary developmental biology, also known as ______, is the study of the evolution of developmental processes in multicellular organisms

Evo-devo

What is evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)?

Evo-devo is the study of the evolution of developmental processes in multicellular organisms.

What can genomic information reveal about the relationship between genes and form?

Minor differences in gene sequence or regulation can result in major differences in an organism’s form.

What is notable about the earliest developmental stages across species?

They are highly conserved and very similar across species.

What role do Hox genes play in development?

Hox genes regulate the earliest developmental stages and act as master regulators of development.

What do Hox genes influence in an organism?

They determine the specific arrangement of body regions.