Microbial Metabolism and Biogeochemical Cycles

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycles, focusing on the roles of microorganisms in various elemental cycles.

Biogeochemical Cycles

Processes by which some organisms convert elements from one form to another usable by many organisms.

Redox Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons, where reduction is the gain of electrons and oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Carbon Cycle

The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, including carbon fixation and decomposition.

Nitrogen Fixation

The process by which certain bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making it usable for living organisms.

Denitrification

The process by which nitrate is converted back into nitrogen gas (N2) through anaerobic respiration by certain bacteria.

Sulfur Cycle

The cycle that describes the movement of sulfur in various chemical forms through nature, including the conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate.

Phosphorus Cycle

The cycle involving the movement of phosphorus from insoluble forms to soluble forms, primarily using phosphate ions (PO43-).

Decomposition

The process by which decomposers convert organic compounds back into inorganic compounds, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.

Nitrification

The process where ammonia is converted to nitrite (NO2-) and then to nitrate (NO3-), which can be used by plants and some bacteria.