chap 19 heart

What vein of the heart travels in the anterior IV sulcus and L coronary sulcus?

great cardiac vein

What muscles, found in the ventricles, are attached to these strings and help ensure proper valve function?

papillary muscle

What layer of the heart is the outermost and synonymous with the visceral pericardium?

epicardium

Which describes the status of the valves during ventricular systole?

A/V valves closed, semilunar valves open

What 2 arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta (just above the cusps of the aortic semilunar valve)?

R and L coronary arteries

What branch of the R coronary artery travels inferiorly in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

posterior descending artery

What circuit of the heart carries low oxygen/high carbon dioxide blood from the heart to the gas exchanging surfaces of the lungs and what side of the heart powers this circuit?

pulmonary, right

What vessel carries blood from the left ventricle?

aorta

What structures separate the left and right ventricles?

interventricular septum

What valve is found between the L atrium and L ventricle?

mitral valve (bicuspid)

What valve is found between the R atrium and R ventricle?

tricuspid

The heart is contained within its own container/wrapper formed by an inner serous layer (parietal pericardium) and an outer fibrous layer (fibrous pericardium). What is the term for this wrapper?

pericardial sac

What groove of the heart occurs between the atria and the ventricles?

coronary sulcus

What do we call the short vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk of the fetus to the aorta and what does it become after birth?

ductus arteriosus becomes ligamentum arteriosum

What structure, consisting of bands of collagen and elastic fibers, stabilizes the muscle and valves of the heart and isolates the atrial and ventricular muscle to allow independent contraction (among other functions)?

fibrous skeleton

What valve is found between the L ventricle and the vessel that leaves it?

aortic semilunar

What chambers pump blood through the 2 circuits (to the body or to the lungs)?

ventricles

What is the function of the heart valves?

to prevent backflow of bloo

What do we call an interconnection between arteries that allows collateral circulation (blood from one artery can flow into the area provided by the other)?

anastomosis

What circuit of the heart carries high oxygen/low carbon dioxide blood from the heart to the body’s tissues and what side of the heart powers this circuit?

systemic, left

What layer of the heart is the inner layer, continuous with the lining of the blood vessels?

endocardium

What vessel carries blood from the right ventricle?

pulmonary artery (trunk)

What vein of the heart travels along the right ventricle and R coronary sulcus?

small cardiac vein

What layer of the heart is the middle, muscular layer?

myocardium

What branch of the L coronary artery travels inferiorly in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

anterior interventricular artery

Which of these vessels drain into the left atrium?

pulmonary veins

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by specialized junctions that both tie the cells together (for efficient contraction) and allow ions to pass through (electrical connection for unified contraction). What do we call these specialized junctions?

intercalated discs

What do we call the hole in the fetal interatrial septum and what does it become (no longer a hole) after birth?

foramen ovale becomes fossa ovalis

What groove of the heart occurs posteriorly between the ventricles?

posterior interventricular sulcus

What valve is found between the R ventricle and the vessel that leaves it?

pulmonary semilunar

Which of these 3 vessels does not drain directly into the right atrium (but into another vessel)?

azygos vein

What vein of the heart travels along the right ventricle and R coronary sulcus?

small cardiac vein

What structures separate the left and right atria?

interatrial septum

What branch of the L coronary artery travels left around the heart in the coronary sulcus?

circumflex artery

Why does blood bypass the pulmonary circuit in the fetus and when does this end?

lungs collapsed, first breath

What chambers of the heart receive blood from the body or the lungs?

atria

What valve is found between the R ventricle and the vessel that leaves it?

pulmonary semilunar

Which of these vessels drain into the left atrium?

pulmonary veins

What branch of the R coronary artery travels towards the apex along the anterior right ventricle?

right marginal artery

The heart is located, in its own cavity, between the lungs. What is the space that contains the heart’s cavity as well as large blood vessels, respiratory tubes, and the esophagus called?

mediastinum

What vein of the heart travels in the posterior IV sulcus?

middle cardiac vein

What structures attached to the atrioventricular valves and muscles in the ventricles look like white strings?

Chordae tendineae

Which describes the status of the valves during ventricular diastole?

A/V valves open, semilunar valves closed