Families of Organic Compounds

A set of vocabulary flashcards derived from lecture notes on families of organic compounds.

Organic Chemistry\n\n

The study of carbon-based compounds.\n\n

Functional Group\n\n

An atom, group of atoms, or bond that gives the molecule a particular set of chemical properties.\n\n

Hydrocarbons\n\n

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.\n\n

Alkane\n\n

A hydrocarbon with a tetrahedral shape and bond angle of 109.5^\circ.\n\n

Alkene\n\n

A hydrocarbon with a trigonal planar shape and bond angle of 120^\circ.\n\n

Alkyne\n\n

A hydrocarbon with a linear shape and bond angle of 180^\circ.\n\n

Heteroatom\n\n

Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen.\n\n

Alcohols\n\n

Organic compounds with an -OH group attached to alkane-type carbon.\n\n

Phenols\n\n

Organic compounds with an -OH group attached to an aromatic ring.\n\n

Ethers\n\n

Organic compounds with a C-O-C linkage.\n\n

Thiols\n\n

Compounds with an -SH group attached to alkane-type carbon.\n\n

Sulfides\n\n

Compounds with a C-S-C linkage.\n\n

Disulfides\n\n

Compounds with a C-S-S-C linkage.\n\n

Amines\n\n

Organic compounds with a nitrogen atom directly attached to one or more alkane-type or aromatic carbon atoms.\n\n

Alkyl Halides\n\n

Organic compounds where a halogen atom is attached to an alkane-type carbon atom.\n\n

Hydrogen Bond\n\n

A type of attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (O or N).\n\n

Carbonyl\n\n

A C=O bond present in compounds like ketones and aldehydes.\n\n

Ketones\n\n

Organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached to two other carbon atoms.\n\n

Aldehydes\n\n

Organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached to at least one hydrogen atom.\n\n

Isomers\n\n

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms.\n\n

Aromatic Compounds\n\n

Cyclic organic compounds containing a planar ring system with a specific number of delocalized pi electrons, granting extra stability (e.g., benzene).\n\n

Carboxylic Acids\n\n

Organic compounds characterized by a carboxyl functional group, (-\text{COOH}), where a carbonyl group is bonded to a hydroxyl group.\n\n

Esters\n\n

Organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids where the H of the carboxyl group's -OH is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group, typically denoted as (-\text{COOR}').\n\n

Amides\n\n

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group directly bonded to a nitrogen atom, where the nitrogen can be further bonded to hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl groups (-\text{CONR}_{2}\text{ where R can be H, alkyl, or aryl}).\n\n