Mood Disorders: Factors, Treatments, and Suicide Risks #3

major depressive disorder

Females are twice as likely to experience it.

Bipolar Disorder stats

Occurs equally in males and females.

Rapid Cycling stats

More common in women with bipolar disorder.

Serotonin

Regulates norepinephrine and dopamine levels

Low Serotonin

Associated with mood disorders and depression.

elevated levels are associated with mood disorders

cortisol

cortisol

Stress hormones decrease neurogenesis in the hippocampus.

Sleep Disturbance

Common hallmark of most mood disorders.

REM Sleep

Depression leads to quicker, intense REM sleep.

Learned Helplessness Theory

Lack of control decreases attempts to improve situations.

Depressive Attributional Style

Negative outcomes attributed to oneself, stable, global factors.

internal attribution

negative outcomes is ones own fault

stable attributions

believing future negative outcomes will be one's fault

global attribution

believing negative events will disrupt many life activities

Cognitive Errors

Negative interpretations of life events and situations.

Arbitrary Inference

Overemphasizing negatives in mixed situations.

Overgeneralization

negatives apply to all situations

Cognitive Triad

Negative thoughts about oneself, world, and future.

Marital Dissatisfaction

Strongly linked to depression, especially in males.

Social Support

More support correlates with lower depression risk.

mixed reuptake inhibitors

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, fewer side effects.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression

Lithium

Common salt effective for 50% of bipolar patients, treatment of choice

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Effective for medication-resistant depression, causes seizures, breif electro current to the brian

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Uses magnets to generate precise localized electromagnetic pulses, fewer side effects than ECT.

interpersonal psychotherapy

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships

Suicide Risk Factors

Includes mental health conditions and prolonged stress.

Health risk factors of suicide

traumatic brain injury

environmental risk factor

access to lethal means, prolonged stress, exposure to another persons suicide

historical risk factors

previous suicide attemps, family history, childhood abuse , trauma and neglect

Protective Factors

Access to care and strong social connections.

Warning Signs

Expressions of hopelessness and withdrawal from activities.