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sodium
most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid
sodium
regulate serum osmolality as well as water balance
fractional excretion of sodium
measure of percentage of filtered Na excreted in urine
dehydration
due to a BUN >20:1
renal tubular damage
due to a FENa >2%
prerenal dysfunction/ dehydration
due to a FENa <1%
hyperglycemia
causes osmotic shifts of water from the intracellular to the extracellular space, causing a relative diutional hyponatremia
potassium
primary cation intracellularlyp
potassium
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