Comptia A+ 220-1101 - Missing Pieces

Multithreading vs Hyperthreading

Multithreading: The general task of running more than one thread of execution within an operating system. A software concept.

Hyperthreading: A very specific hardware technology created by Intel, which allows a single processor core to interleave multiple threads of execution more efficiently. In other words, a CPU with hyperthreading is going to provide performance which is somewhat greater than a CPU which is otherwise the same but without hyperthreading, because the hyperthreaded CPU will be able to concurrently balance two (sometimes more, but hyperthreading is usually 2-way) threads of execution on a given core. A hardware concept.

M.2

A type of expansion slot common in portable computers. Usually supports Wi-Fi cards, but is also used to install an NVMe SSD.

Thread

The smallest logistical division of a single program.

AMD vs Intel (Motherboard Form Factors)

AMD is value, Intel is performance.

USB Colors

White - USB 1.0

Black - USB 2.0

Blue - USB 3.0

Teal - USB 3.1

Red - USB 3.1 Gen 2

Yellow - USB 2.0 or 3.0

Orange - USB 3.0

Port 67/68

DHCP

Port 69

TFTP

Port 110

POP3 - Receives email.

Port 995

POP3S

Port 137/1138 and 137/139

NetBIOS/Net BT

Port 143

IMAP4 - Receives email, but less commonly used.

Port 993

IMAPS

Port 389

LDAP

Port 427

SLP

Port 445

SMB/CIFS

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Provides developers a cloud-based environment on which to deploy their own applications.

Random Reboots

Usually caused by issues with the power supply or the RAM.

APU

Includes the CPU and GPU on the same chip.

Dim Laptop Image

Usually caused by problems with the Inverter in LCDs.

PoE Phone Connection

PoE phones use an Ethernet connection to provide telephone service.

Download vs Upload Speeds

With basically every type of internet connection, including ADSL, the connections have faster downloads than uploads.

netstat

Command that displays a variety of network information, including active connections, routing tables, and traffic statistics.

nbtstat

Displays diagnostic information for NetBIOS over TCP/IP.

ifconfig

Displays or configures IP settings for network interfaces (Unix-like OS).

pathping

Behaves similarly to tracert by pinging every hop along the route to determine relative latency.

ipconfig

Displays or refreshes IP settings for network interfaces (Windows OS).

nslookup

Performs DNS lookups and displays the IP address of a given host name.

ping

Tests the reachability and latency of a given host.

tracert/traceroute

Displays the hop-by-hop path to a given host, along with the round-trip time to each hop.

Port 23

Telnet

Unsecured Remote Access Protocol

2.4GHz vs 5GHz

2.4 GHz penetrates solid object more effectively, and has a higher area coverage.

5GHz has a higher bandwidth.

184 Pins

DDR SDRAM DIMMS

200 Pins

DDR SDRAM SO-DIMMs

DDR2 SDRAM SO-DIMMs

204 Pins

DDR 3 SDRAM SO-DIMMs

240 Pins

DDR2 SDRAM DIMMs

DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs

288 Pins

DDR4 SDRAM DIMs

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers)

Heat sink and fan assemblies that are included with most Intel and AMD retail-boxed CPUs.

HDD Sizes

3.5” - Desktop HDD

2.5” - HDD for full-size laptops

Inkjet Printer Vertical Stripe

Usually a symptom of clogged inkjets. They can be cleaned by the printer’s built-in software.