2.2.6 (Lipids 2 - Triglycerides)

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12 Terms

1
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What is the structure of a triglyceride?

  • Made of 1 Glycerol molecule and a fatty acid molecule

<ul><li><p>Made of 1 Glycerol molecule and a fatty acid molecule</p></li></ul>
2
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What is the structure of a Glycerol molecule?

  • Made of 3 Carbon atoms, which are connected to 3 alcohol groups

<ul><li><p>Made of 3 Carbon atoms, which are connected to 3 alcohol groups</p></li></ul>
3
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What is the structure of a fatty acid?

  • A hydrocarbon chain(2-20 carbons long) attached to a carboxyl group

<ul><li><p>A hydrocarbon chain(2-20 carbons long) attached to a carboxyl group</p></li></ul>
4
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How is an triglyceride formed?

  • It much undergo a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and hydroxyl group of the glycerol to produce a water molecule in the process and an ester bond

<ul><li><p>It much undergo a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and hydroxyl group of the glycerol to produce a water molecule in the process and an ester bond</p></li></ul>
5
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How can triglycerides be broken down and is produced?

  • It can be hydrolysed in order to break the ester bonds

  • This splits the glycerol and fatty acid molecule which can break down into CO2 and H2O during respiration

6
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What are the 5 functions of triglycerides?

  • Energy Source for respiration

  • Energy Store

  • Buoyancy

  • Protection of organs

  • Energy storage

  • Thermal insulation

  • Electrical insulation

7
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How can Triglycerides be used as an energy source?

  • They can be broken down to release energy as the form of ATP

8
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How can triglycerides become an energy Store

  • They are insoluble in water and so they can be stored without affecting the water potential of the cell

  • They store fat under their skin in adipose cells and they store 2x the amount of energy than glucose does

9
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Where do mammals store fat?

  • In adipose cells

10
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How can triglycerides be used as insulation?

  • Adipose tissue is a storage place for lipids in mammals and therefore it can be used as blubber for arctic animals such as polar bears in order to keep warm

  • Lipids also cover the axon in order to electrically insulate it

11
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How can triglycerides be used for buoyancy?

  • Fat is less dense than water, therefore it can be used for aquatic animals in order to float

12
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How can lipids be used for protection?

  • They can act as a shock absorber around critical organs

  • The Peptidogylcan cell wall of some bacteria is covered in a lipid rich outer layer which protects it from bursting and makes it turgid