CLAB 450 Exam 2 Review

Practice flashcards based on key concepts and definitions from lecture notes for CLAB 450 Exam 2.

What is the inheritance pattern of Cystic Fibrosis?

Autosomal Recessive

What does Hemoptysis refer to?

Coughing up blood

What type of disease is Angina Pectoris classified as?

Ischemia Vascular Disease

Which virus can cause congenital heart defects in a fetus?

Rubella

What condition is indicated by the detection of a heart murmur?

Septal defect

What typically precedes rheumatic carditis?

Streptococcal throat infection

What causes respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants?

Lack of pulmonary surfactant

How do arteries differ from veins?

Arteries have thicker walls than veins

What syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21?

Down's syndrome

What karyotype is typical for Klinefelter's syndrome?

47, XXY karyotype

What is the X-linked bleeding disorder associated with a deficiency of factor VIII?

Hemophilia A

What do children born with a fragile X chromosome suffer from?

Mental retardation

When does Sudden Infant Death Syndrome typically occur?

Any time between 2 and 9 months of the first year of life

What is a feature of an exudate that is not typical of a transudate?

Accumulation of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in extracellular space

What is a typical complication of left-sided heart failure?

Pulmonary edema

How can arterial hemorrhage be distinguished from venous hemorrhage?

Arterial hemorrhage blood is bright red and flows in a pulsating manner

What is melena a typical complication of?

Gastric ulcer

Iron deficiency anemia often develops as a result of?

Metrorrhagia

What are clinically significant emboli most often composed of?

Thrombi

What are the emboli composed of in decompression sickness?

Air

Which organ is most affected by venous embolism?

Lungs

What type of shock is caused by massive bleeding?

Hypovolemic shock

What is an abscess a complication of?

Septic embolism

Which of the following is not a risk factor of atherosclerosis?

Estrogens

What is considered the most common form of arterial hypertension?

Essential or idiopathic

What is the most common complication of rheumatic endocarditis?

Bacterial endocarditis

What is the most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the US?

Coxsackie B virus

What is the most common infection in the respiratory tract?

Upper respiratory infection

What typically causes bronchiolitis in children?

Viruses

What does Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection usually cause?

Interstitial pneumonia

What is the major pulmonary complication of congenital alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?

Emphysema

What is the most important cause of emphysema?

Cigarette smoking

What type of disease is coal worker's lung classified as?

Pneumoconiosis

What percentage of lung cancer patients have a history of cigarette smoking?

Approximately 90%

What is the most common presenting symptom of lung cancer?

Prolonged coughing and expectoration

Where are atherosclerosis aneurysms most often located?

Abdominal aorta