los fossils dicen no se!

los hominins dicen que no.

sahelanthropus tchadensis: time, place, tools

7-6 mya, Chad (N/C Africa), no stone tools

sahelanthropus tchadensis: brain, skull, face

320-350 cc, chimp-like except for foramen magnum, flat face w/ big brow ridge

sahelanthropus tchadensis: teeth

canines: smaller than chimp, no sharpening, other: thicker enamel

ardipithecus ramidus: time, place, tools

4.4 mya, E. Africa, no stone tools

ardipithecus ramidus: brain, skull, face

300-350 cc, chimp-like except foreman magnum, U-shaped, prognathism

ardipithecus ramidus: teeth

canines: like female chimp, no sharpening, non-dimorphic, other: molars larger than humans/chimps

ardipithecus ramidus: post-cranium

opposable big toe, pelvis intermediate

ardipithecus ramidus: sexual dimorphism

male canines 10-15% larger than females

austrolopithecines (anamensis, afarensis, africanus, garhi, Kenyanthropus): time, place, tools

4.2-2.5 mya, E&S Africa, Mode 1 with garhi

australopithecines: brain, skull, face

400-500 cc, chimp-like except foreman magnum, reduced prognathism, heavier lower jaw

australopithecines: teeth

canines: trending smaller, other: molars trending larger

australopithecines: post-cranium

bipedal with arboreal adaptations (long arms, curved finger bones), 3.5-5 ft tall

australopithecines: sexual dimorphism

males 30-50% larger

paranthropus: time, place, tools

2.5-1 mya, E&S Africa, Mode 1

paranthropus: brain, skull, face

450-550 cc, sagittal crest, wide zygomatic arches, very heavy jaw

paranthropus: teeth

canines: very small, other: tiny incisors, huge molars

paranthropus: post cranium

bipedal with arboreal adaptations, 3.5-5 ft tall

paranthropus: sexual dimorphism

males 25-30% larger

early homo (habilis, rudolfensis): time, place, tools

2.8-1.4 mya, E&S Africa, Mode 1

early homo: brian, skull, face

550-800 cc, higher forehead, less post-orbital constriction, smaller face than Aus (especially in habilis)

early homo: teeth

same shape as H. sapiens just slightly larger

early homo: post-cranial

bipedal with arboreal adaptations, 3.5-5 ft tall

H. erectus: time, place, tools

2-0.2 mya, Africa, Europe, Asia, Mode 1 & 2

H. erectus: brain, skull, face

550-1100 cc, long low, occiptal torus, sagittal keel in E. Asia, heavy brow ridges, smaller jaws, less prognathism

H. erectus: teeth

same shape as H. sapiens, just slightly larger, especially incisors

H. erectus: post-cranial

bipedal and fully terrestrial (short arms), more robust than H. sapiens

H. erectus: sexual dimorphism

males 20-30% larger

H. naledi: time, place, and tools

0.33-0.22 mya, South Africa, unknown

H. naledi: brain, skull, face

465-560 cc, similar to early homo but not as long/low as erectus, heavy brow ridges

H. naledi: teeth

similar to H. sapiens, just slightly larger, especially molars

H. naledi: post-cranial

humanlike thumb but curved fingers, bipedal foot but more curved than H. sapiens, primitive shoulder blades

H. naledi: sexual dimorphism

males 10-20% larger

H. florensiensis: time, place, tools

700-50 kya, Flores Indonesia, Mode 1

H. florensiensis: brain, skull, face

400 cc, tiny skull, small face

H. floresiensis: teeth

canines: same as H. sapiens but smaller, rear molars decreased in size

H. floresiensis: post cranial

long and flat feet, primitive wrist bones, robust leg bones, 3.5 ft tall

H. heidelbergensis: time, place, tools

1-0.2 mya, Africa, Europe, Asia, Modes 1-3

H. heidelbergensis: brain, skull, face

1000-1300 cc, long low occipital torus, slightly smaller face than H. erectus, more rounded brow ridges

H. heidelbergensis: teeth

like H. sapiens

H. heidelbergensis: postcranial

like H. sapiens just more robust

H. heidelbergensis: sexual dimorphism

males 5-10% larger (like H. sapiens)

Neanderthals: time, place, tools

127-30 kya, from Africa to entire world — Austrialia (40 kya) and Americas (12 kya), Modes 1-5

Neanderthals: brain, skull, face

1300-1700 cc, long low occiptal bun, mid-facial prognathism, retromolar gap, large nose, arched and thinner brow ridges

Neanderthals: teeth

like H. sapiens, but molars have taurodont roots

Neanderthals: post cranial

like H. sapiens but more robust

Neanderthals: sexual dimorphism

males 5-10% larger (like H. sapiens)

H. sapiens: time, place, tools

300 kya - present, Africa to entire world — Australia (40 kya) and Americas (12 kya), Modes 1-5

H. sapiens: brain, skull, face

1400 cc, high and domed, flat face tucked under braincase, protruding chin, reduced brow ridges