Wgu test questions psych

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At which stage do children make slow and steady height and weight gains?

middle childhood

Which of these objects would best help a child work on their fine motor skills?

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scissors

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A child has just learned to print her name. The child is in which stage of physical development?

early childhood

During a teacher meeting, Mr. Gaston was discussing the gains his 5th-grade students had made this year in their handwriting. This suggests that his 5th-grade students are in which stage of physical development?

middle childhood (9-11 years)

In her class, Miss Sarah makes sure to provide her students with a diverse set of play stations. These stations include puzzles, blocks, hula-hoops, and crafts which all help build her students' fine motor skills. Based on the stations, Miss Sarah’s students are at which stage of physical development?

early childhood

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In her kindergarten classroom, Miss Stevenson makes sure to provide her students with snack time midway through the school day. According to Maslow, this would fulfill which need?

physiological

A student has become more concerned about her body image and her relationships with her peers. The child is most likely in which stage of physical development?

adolescence

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A teacher makes sure to say something positive to each student after they give their speech in class. Which need is the teacher trying to meet?

esteem

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A few families in your infant-toddler program have asked what they can do at home to support their infants’ physical development. You suggest the following:

Place colorful, interesting objects nearby and offer lots of opportunities for infants to reach for things.

On a very hot day, a second-grade teacher allows her students to take frequent water breaks. Which need is the teacher trying to meet?

physiological

You have noticed that a few of your preschool children do not seem to be engaged with the outdoor play equipment. What can you do to make the outdoor environment more appealing?

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Support children as they create their own games.

LaTonya is learning to sew and is becoming quite good at it. LaTonya is most likely working at which stage of physical development?

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middle childhood

Your co-worker, Talia, moves around the room talking and singing to the babies in her care. What do you say to her about this?

You suggest she let babies see her face while she talks and sings to them

A teacher provides students with a snack break every day at 10:00 am. Which need is the teacher trying to meet?

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physiological

During this stage of physical development, boys are typically taller and more muscular than girls of the same age.

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late adolescence

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You notice Simone, a 24-month-old toddler, can easily run to the slide and climb up the ladder. An example of what you might say to encourage Simone in her physical development is

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“Wow- you ran really quickly to the slide and climbed up all three steps! Next time, would you like to try jumping to the slide?

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In Ms. Martinez’s 10th-grade science class, the students participated in a round-robin discussion that focused on whether astronauts will successfully land on Mars. During the discussion, Ms. Martinez made sure that each student had a chance to participate in the conversation and share their opinion with the group. According to Maslow, ensuring students were able to participate and share their opinions would fulfill which need?

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love and belonging

Thomas was saddened to see a big letter F on his latest math test. Maslow would say Thomas is most likely deficient in which need?

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esteem

Mrs. Major jokes with her students that since they’ve all grown by at least 3 to 5 inches since the start of the school year they seem like different students. Given that her students are growing at an average rate of 4 inches a year, Mrs. Major’s students are most likely in which age group?

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adolescence

If your view of children’s skill development and independence differs from a family’s perspective, what should you do?

Work collaboratively with the family in order to understand their point of view and address their needs.

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Children at this age need frequent opportunities for physical activity, like a short walk to collect leaves to use in an art lesson or a "music and march" time to begin the day.

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preschool

Samuel loves playing on his travel soccer team. Samuel is operating at which stage of physical development?

middle childhood

During their Easter Egg hunt, Ms. Stefani’s preschoolers were outside hopping around like bunny rabbits. This physical activity suggests these students are at which stage of physical development?

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early childhood

What is an expected physical change during the adolescent stage of development?

increase in muscle mass

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Mr. Jackson’s 5th grade Language Arts students created posters for a book they had read in class. After the posters were finished, Mr. Jackson hung the posters on the wall for all of the class to see. According to Maslow, hanging the posters on the wall would fulfill which need?

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esteem

What should you do if you think a child is not reaching developmental milestones?

First, talk to a supervisor, trainer or coach and then meet with the family to discuss ways you might help the child reach important goals.

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MacKenzie is taking her state reading test. As she reads each question, she whispers each word under her breath. The other students look at her and cover their ears. According to Vygotsky, which type of speech is she using?

private speech

A child who has had an unpleasant experience with dogs and who believes that dogs are mean walks down the street and encounters a dog that wags its tail at her. The child interprets the dog's behavior as threatening and runs away. Later, when she describes the dog to her parents and how it wagged its tail, the parents explain that this is a friendly response in dogs. Thus, the child begins to ____________ by changing what she believes about dogs

accommodate

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Mrs. Peacock teaches 5th grade. They are learning how to read maps and to use a compass rose. Her class is working on finding the 13 colonies on a map. In which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory are they working?

concrete operational

Marge is teaching Bart and Lisa at home through remote learning. She has a tall skinny glass and a short wide glass. Marge has Bart fill a measuring cup full of chocolate milk. Lisa pours it into the tall glass. Lisa then fills the same measuring cup with chocolate milk and Marge has Bart pour it into the short glass. Marge then asks the kids which glass they want. Both say the tall glass because there is more chocolate milk in it. In which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development are Lisa and Bart?

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preoperational

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Which of the following teaching strategies would be most helpful for a third grade class that is starting a new unit on science concepts, according to Piaget?

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Review prior learning to help students connect new concepts to existing schemes.

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Miss Amburn teaches kindergarten. She is doing a unit on working in a pizza parlor. The students color and decorate their own menu. In a section of the classroom, they have a kitchen and the students enjoy pretending to run the pizza parlor. They even enjoyed it when Mr. Ron came in and talked about his fire oven pizza. What stage of Piaget’s cognitive development are the students in?

preoperational

A high-school social science teacher notices that his students are not able to identify the impact that World War II had on the United States’ economy, although they do seem to have a good understanding of the basic facts, dates, and events of the war. What strategy might the teacher use to help his students to look deeper into the topic, based on Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development?

Ask leading questions to foster discussion.

Students in Mrs. Carter's third-grade class love to learn new facts. They enjoy sorting rocks from the playground by color and size. They also understand that other people have different thoughts and experiences, but it will be a few years before they can really understand analogies and metaphors. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, in which stage are these students?

concrete operational

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Alyssia explores her environment through touching, smelling, tasting, moving her body and climbing/ crawling around. According to Piaget, which stage of development is Alyssia experiencing?

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sensorimotor

George is familiar with dogs, and has seen many dogs when he is out walking with his Mom. When George sees a horse for the first time, he calls it a dog. His mom teaches him that not all four-legged creatures are called dogs. She explains that this big animal with long legs and a long face is called a horse. The next time George sees a horse, he calls it a horse. According to Piaget, this process of differentiating is called

accommodation

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Which of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?

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a student who wonders what story time at the library will be like, and is pleased to find that story time at the library is just like story time in her classroom at school

You walk into a classroom and observe the teacher moving children into heterogeneous groups of 4 or 5 to learn about different types of clouds. Whose theory is the teacher following?

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Vygotsky

Ariyah loves apple pie. While she has not had other types of pie, she believes that all pies must be delicious. Which of Piaget’s concepts is she demonstrating?

assimilation

An example of assimilation is a child who has only experienced dogs as family pets. On first seeing a cat,

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the child exclaims, "Look at the little doggie, Mommy!"

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Which of the following best describes Piaget's concept of a scheme?

an organized pattern of behavior or thought

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A 9th-grade history teacher is working with students on a unit related to the Civil War. Which activity would most challenge their cognitive abilities, according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

assigning students to create a monologue for a hypothetical character who lived during the Civil War times

A 4th grade teacher wants to give her students a science lesson that will help to develop their thinking skills. What activity would be most appropriate for students at this age, according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Provide a short lesson on a science concept, and then have students create a concept map to show the connections between concepts.

Organized patterns of actions and thoughts, such as kicking a football or realizing that there are many different types of footballs, or connecting memories of one family vacations with other family vacations, are defined by Piaget as

schema.

Tyler’s mom shows him a truck and then hides the truck behind her back. Tyler does not look for the truck when it is hidden and is surprised each time she pulls the truck out from behind her back. According to Piaget, this game is exciting for Tyler because he has not yet developed the concept of

object permanence.

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According to Piaget, all but which of the following are characteristics of children in preschool and kindergarten (i.e., between the ages of two and six)?

They are able to think logically.

Mrs. Baldwin is substituting for a fourth-grade class. She is determining which activity to conduct in class today. According to Piaget, which activity would be most appropriate for this class?

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filling out a graphic organizer on the similarities and differences between rocks

Mr. Mustard’s middle school science class is working on science fair projects. Billy has elected to do his project on how many types of germs may be found on surfaces in the school cafeteria. He has already created a hypothesis about the types of germs he is likely to find. Which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development does this represent?

formal operational

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According to Vygotsky, one's culture

strongly influences what we learn and how we think.

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One key difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories of cognitive development is that Piaget believes that development must come first, and then learning can occur. Vygotsky believes the opposite--that the learning process causes growth and development. What is another area of disagreement between the two theorists?

social interaction with more knowledgeable peers can greatly enhance cognitive development.

Parker and Colton were pretending that they were Captain America and Superman. While saving the world, they knock over Miya’s block tower. They didn’t understand why she was upset. To them, it was necessary to do so because it was in the way. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, in which stage are the boys?

preoperational

Which teaching methodology is consistent with Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development?

Encourage students to share different perspectives on a topic to help each other learn.

Which of the following strategies would exemplify scaffolding, based on Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development?

giving students hints or asking leading questions to help them solve problems

Which of the following best reflects the concept of scaffolding?

The teacher breaks a large project down into smaller pieces and provides an outline to students.

At what time of life does Erikson stage Industry vs. Inferiority occur?

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middle childhood

Teagan constantly compares his reading ability to other students in his classroom. He is concerned that he isn't as good with vocabulary and spelling as some of the others. Which stage of psychosocial development does this represent?

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Industry vs. Inferiority

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Judy was demonstrating how to make chocolate chip cookies to her classmates. According to Bandura’s model of observational learning, Judy's demonstration is called a(n)

live model

According to Bandura, which stage of observational learning involves symbolic coding, cognitive organization, and cognitive rehearsal?

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Retention

You and your friend are on a call. The friend is explaining to you this new exercise they saw on YouTube. Your friend would be considered which of the following?

verbal model

Michael knows that if he doesn’t behave well in school he will not be able to play his PlayStation in the evenings after school. According to Kohlberg, which is likely his current level of moral development?

Preconventional

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Teagan follows all rules in his 4th-grade classroom. He sees rules as black and white (unchangeable) and wants to be viewed as a good person. According to Kohlberg, Teagan is in which level of moral development?

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Conventional

What is the focus of Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development?

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ethics of care

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Johnny's grandmother is sickly and requires assistance from all family members, so Johnny was not able to study for his chemistry exam. Because he wanted to keep his A in the class, he decided it was okay to cheat.  This is an example of which level of Kohlberg's moral development?

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Preconventional

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Jackie has heard inappropriate language at home and tends to repeat that same language when playing with her friends at school. The theory of modeling associated with this behavior results from which theorist?

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Bandura

Maddox is 5 years old and is constantly asking questions, which his mother attempts to patiently answer. According to Erikson, Maddox is experiencing which psychosocial stage of development?

Initiative vs. Guilt

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Shanna feels inadequate in her 2nd grade classroom. The majority of her classmates seem to have made friends easily, and sit together at lunch. She is shy and hasn't made friends, so she sits in the lunchroom alone. Which stage of Erikson’s development is Shanna likely in?

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Industry vs. Inferiority

Rose is learning to drive and ALWAYS follows the speed limit guidelines. According to Kohlberg, she is in which level of moral development?

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Conventional

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Maria is passionate about the environment, and feels that it is her responsibility to peacefully protest when a local manufacturing plant is charged with dumping factory waste into the local river. She organizes a sit-in at their main offices, knowing that she might be arrested for trespassing, but feels her personal beliefs are more important. Which level of Kohlberg's moral development theory is Maria demonstrating?

post-conventional

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Mark’s parents want him to join the military like his father did. Mark isn’t sure that he wants to follow that path. Some days he wants to pursue music, other days he wants to purse medicine. His girlfriend wants him to become a chef. Mark is likely in which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development?

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Identity vs Role Confusion

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Avery, a high-school senior, is examining her interests as they compare to those of her friends. She does not want to play basketball, even though her friends are on a team. According to Erikson, this stage is called

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Identity vs. Role Confusionerto

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Roberto enjoys playing with his toys, and is curious about other children. He watches other children and plays near them, and is willing to participate in simple group activities. What age range is Roberto likely in?

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early childhood

The Heinz Dilemma was created by which of these theorists?

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Kohlberg

Phylicia is stressed, concerned about her body image and the clothes she wears, and is beginning to develop an eating disorder. She is very influenced by her peer group. What age range is Phylicia likely in?

adolescence

Lisa's father recently lost his job, so she had to switch from private school to public school. She is very worried that she won’t find a new peer group and be as popular as she was at her previous school. Lisa’s concerns indicate that she is at which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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Xavier is a student who will do almost anything to stay out of trouble and avoid punishment. According to Kohlberg, Xavier is in which level of moral development?

Preconventional

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You are at a class in a new yoga studio. You are having a hard time focusing because so many things from the workday are weighing on your mind. This style of yoga is new to you, and you are really having to pay attention to the instructor. According to Bandura's model of observational learning, the instructor would be considered a

live model

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Lillian, a recent high-school graduate, has made the commitment to spend the summer helping her younger sister learn how to play soccer rather than going on a road trip with friends. Lillian is in which psychosocial stage of development?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

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According to Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development, during which age does the psychosocial stage of trust vs. mistrust develop?

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infancy

Dave was married for 15 years, now he’s recently divorced. His youngest son is struggling with math in school; he has a hard time processing numbers sometimes. Dave finds it difficult to help his son because he is reeling from the loneliness of the divorce. Dave is likely in which of Erikson’s stage?

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Intimacy vs. Isolatio

Erikson believed that personality develops through stages of psychosocial development. When an infant looks to a parent for love and cuddles, this stage is called

Trust vs. Mistrust

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Addie is in her "terrible twos" and is adamant about choosing the snacks she eats and the clothes she wears. According to Erikson, which stage of psychosocial development is Addie experiencing?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

su Ahn smiles a lot, responds to her own name, recognizes herself in the mirror, and copies the actions of others. What age range is she likely in?

Birth-2years old

Jimmy is reading a book about superheroes and loves to pretend that he is Spiderman. According to Bandura, which model of observational learning does this represent?

Symbolic Model

A child points at a dog. A mother says to the child, "Do you see the big dog?" Which of Skinner's key processes for learning language is the mother using?

Prompting

Behavioral Learning theorists argue that language is acquired through

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Imitation of others’ language and reinforcement for recognizable speech

Vygotsky’s approach to language development focuses on which key concept?

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Social interaction

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A child says, "C," and the dad gives the child a cookie. A child says, "Coo, " and the dad gives the child a cookie. The child says, "Cook," and the dad gives the child a cookie. The child says, "Cookie" and the dad gives the child a cookie. Which of Skinner's key processes for learning language is the father using?

Shaping

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At what age can a child be expected to point to body parts and to point to or name pictures in books?

1-2 years

According to Chomsky, being born with the ability to learn language innately and instinctively without any formal instruction is due to:

Language Acquisition Device

At what age can children be expected to understand words of order and time and to use sentences that have more than one action word?

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4-5 years

At which stage of language development would a child say, "I go store Auntie."?

Telegraphic

Children between the ages of 3-4 years can be expected to:

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Understand words for some shapes, like circle and square

A kindergarten teacher is working with her class on basic vocabulary words. First, she teaches the sounds to the letters of the alphabet by having students repeat after her. She praises them when they repeat correctly. Then she has students write out the letters of each word to practice, and reinforces their correct answers. Finally, she has the students repeat the words after her and offers praise for each correct response. Which principle of operant conditioning is the teacher using?

Shaping

A toddler says, "Me so big!" The toddler's father gives her a huge smile. According to operant conditioning which principle is the father using with his child?

Providing the child with positive reinforcement

Susan and Mamie are at the dinner table with their mother. Mamie asks her mother, "Can I have dessert now?" and her mother replies "Yes." Susan immediately says, "Can I have dessert now?" Which of Skinner's key processes is Susan using in this situation?

Imitation

Nancy speaks with three-word sentences, such as “What her name?” This indicates that Nancy has developed:

Telegraphic speech

A mother says to her three year old, "Oh no! You fell down. Did you get an owie?" Vygotsky would categorize this mother's conversation with her child as

Working in the child's zone of proximal development

In a daycare, a teacher prepares a lesson to help students with language development by having them look at pictures and say each word to match. Which language developmental stage does this represent?

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Holophrastic

Children between the ages of 2-3 years of age can be expected to:

Understand opposites, like go-stop, big-little, and up-down

At what age can a child be expected to understand opposites like go-stop, big-little, and up-down or to talk about things that are not in the room?

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2-3 years