Science midterm review

biosphere

consists of all the life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists

Ecology

the scientific study of all the interactions between organisms and between organisms and their surroundings

species

group of organisms that breed and produce offspring

population

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

community

a group of different populations that live together in a defined area

ecosystem

all of the living organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment

biotic factor

any living part of an environment

abiotic factor

any nonliving part of an environment

atmosphere

a layer of all the gases that surround earth

hydrosphere

all the water of the earths surface as well as the water vapor and rain in the atmosphere and water underground

Geosphere

solid earth which consists of rocks, continents, and the ocean floor

individual

1st layer of the levels of organisation (center) and is (biotic)

population

2nd layer of the levels of organisation and is (biotic)

community

3rd layer of the levels of organisation and is (biotic)

Ecosystem

Last layer of the levels of organisation and is (abiotic & biotic)

geosphere

what is another word for earth?

Cell

Atom--- molecule-- ________-- tissue--organ--organ system--organism

diffusion

process of particles moving from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

facilitated diffusion

Which molecules pass across the membrane through protein channels in the cell membrane

aquaporin

water channel protein in a cell membrane

hypertonic (more strength)

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

hypotonic (less strength)

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

C6-H12-06

What is a symbol for sugar made during photosynthesis

tissue

Group of specialized cells that perform a particular function together

organ

group of tissues that work together to perform a function

organ system

multiple organs that work together to perform a specific function

organism

a living thing that carries on the activities of life by means of organs which have seperate functions but are dependant on each other

predatory

an interaction in which one organism,the _________ eats all or part of the body of another organism, the prey.

prey

an animal that is hunted or killed by another animal for food

herbivore

a plant-eating animal

commensalism

symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

mutualism

symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship

niche

full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions

habitat

area where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it

resource

any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space

symbiosis

relationship in which two species live close together

parasitism

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

primary succession

succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present

secondary succession

type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances

pioneer species

first species to populate an area during succession

Ribosomes

What takes care of synthesized proteins?

endoplasmic reticulum

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Golgi apparatus

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell

Vacuole

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

lysosome

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement

chloroplasts

cell organelle that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis

mitochondria

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more covenient for the cell to use (POWER HOUSE)

cell wall

strong, supportive layer around the cell membrane in most prolaryotes and some eukaryotes

organism

cells, tissues, organ, organ system, __________

cell

basic unit of all forms of life

cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

nucleus

in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material in a form of DNA

eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Photosynthesis

cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentrations

passive transport

movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

active transport

uses energy to move materials into a area of higher concentration

osmosis

diffusion of water through the selectively permeable membrane

endocytosis

when a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

exocytosis

when particles are enclosed in a vesicle and released from a cell