Nuclear Medicine Flashcards

Flashcards for bone, brain, thyroid, GI, isotopes, and NET/Cancer drugs lectures.

HDP / Oxidronate

Used for 3 phase bone scans with In-111 oxine labeled WBC for osteomyelitis; Dose: 20-25mCi; MOA: Chemisorption

MDP / methylene diphosphonate

Used for 3 phase bone scan with In-111 oxine for osteomyelitis; Dose: 20-25mCi; MOA:chemisorption

PYP / Pyrophosphate

Used for bone, cardiac (amyloidosis), RBC labeling for GI

Sulfur Colloid

Used for liver (cirrohic liver or hep), bone marrow (diagnosing osteomyelitis), lympho (sentinel node lymph biopsy or removal), gastric (eggs w oatmeal); 10 mCi for bone; MOA: phagocytosis, compartmental localization

Osteoporosis

The loss of bone density over time due to lack of dietary intake or a reduction in estrogen.

Osteoblast

Make bone

Osteoclast

Destroy bone

PTH

Stimulates the release of calcium from bone

Calcitonin

Stimulates the reabsorption of serum calcium to the bones

Osteomyelitis

Bone Infection

Ceretec / exametazime

Used for stroke, seizures, brain death, (eval if there is brain function), Leukocyte labeling, WBC labeling when induction is suspected in lower abdomen, Infection localization - fever of unknown orgin

Neurolite / ECD / biscisate

Used for strokes, seizures, brain death; MOA: passive diffusion

F-18 FDG

Use for oncology, neurology, cardiology; Dose: 5-10 mCi; MOA: Glucose analog that concentrates in cells that rely on glucose as energy

In-111 DTPA

Use for cisternography, diagnose hydrocephalus, CSF leaks, eval lumboperitoneal shunts; Dose: 0.5-1.5 mCi

Datscan / I-123 ioflupane

Used to diagnose parkinson's disease; Dose: 3-5mCi; Is cocaine analog

F-18 Fluorodopa

Used to diagnose parkinson's disease; Dose: 5 mCi; MOA: decarboxylated by AA decarboxylase to fluorodopamine and stored in presynaptic vesicles in the brain

Neuraceq / F-18 Florbetaben

Used to diagnose alzheimer's disease; Dose: 8.1 mCi; MOA: binds to beta amyloid plaques

Amyvid / F-18 florbetapir

Used to diagnose alzheimer’s disease; Dose: 10mCi IV bolus

Vizamyl / F-18 Flutemetamol

Used to diagnose alzheimer’s disease; Dose: 5mCi; MOA: binds to beta amyloid plaques

Parkinson's disease

Degenerative disorder of basal ganglia involving the dopaminergic pathway.

Alzheimer’s disease

Caused by build up of proteins around brain cells, amyloid deposits form plaques around brain cells

I-123

Isotope of iodine; Used for thyroid and whole body thyroid cancer diagnostics; Thyroid dosing - 100-400uCi; Thyroid cancer dosing - 1.0-2.5mCi; MOA: active transport

I-131

Used for hyperthyroid and whole body thyroid cancer therapy; Treats hyperthyroidism by killing thyroid cells; Hyperthyroidism Dose: 5-30mCi; Thyroid cancer Dose: 5-250mCi; MOA: active transport

Tc-99m

Taken up by salivary glands, thyroid, stomach; Used to asses the function of thyroid, cardiac tagged RBC, GI, Meckle’s Diverticulitis, Spleen tagged RBC, Hematoma; MOA: passive diffusion

Hoshimoto’s thyroiditis

Autoimmune disease that attacks the thyroid tissue eventually leading to hypothyroidism.

Graves disease

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Sulfur Colloid for GI

Used to see gastric emptying; Dose: 1-2mCi; MOA: phagocytosis

PYP / pyrophosphate for GI

Used for RBC labeling for GI, Bone, cardiac (amyloidosis); Dose : 10,20mCi; MOA: chemisorption

Tc-99m for GI

Used for GI bleed to pinpoint area of blood loss; MOA: passive Diffusion

Gastroparesis

Partial paralysis of the stomach in which it cannot empty in a normal fashion.

Dumping Syndrome

Contents in the stomach empties into the duodenum faster than normal.

GERD

Reflux of stomach contents after eating caused by relaxation of the esophageal sphincter.

Melena

Black tarry sticky smelly stools caused by upper GI bleed.

Hematochezia

Bright red colored stools caused by bleeding with in the colon or anal fissure.

Metastron

Behaves like calcium analog that's how it gets into bones, Indicated for the relief of bone pain in pts with painful skeletal metastases

Xofigo

Same as metastron

Y-90, microspheres

Pure beta emitter that destroys the DNA in the nucleus causing cell death, Used in pts w stage 4 cancer

Octreoscan, detectnet, netspot, Ga-68, Dotatoc, Luthera

detects NETs

Luthera

Somatostatin analog that binds to somatostatin receptors; Used to kill NETs

Pluvicto

Lu-77 vipicotide tetraxetan; USED TO KILL PROSTATE CANCER; MOA: binds to cells that express PSMA

Brain Function

cognitive, reasoning, motor coordination, etc

Medulla Oblongata Function

regulates rate and force of heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, digestion, blinking, vomiting, sneezing.

Heart Function

pumps blood and controls blood pressure

Lung Function

respiration, converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, regulates pH of blood

Bone Marrow Function

where stem cells differentiate to become RBC’s, platelets, WBCs, and lymphocytes (B & T cells)

Thyroid Function

produces hormones T4 and T3 which regulate speed of metabolism, heart rate, growth and development. ALSO produces calcitonin

Parathyroid Function

produces hormones which regulate the body’s level of calcium and phosphorus.

Thymus function

where t cells go through maturation and differentiation.

Liver Function

BILE PRODUCTION, filters blood coming from GI tract, metabolism of fats, proteins, carbs, location of Kupffer cells

Gall Bladder Function

STORES AND SECRETES BILE

Bile Function

breaks down fats and emulsifies those fatty acids

Spleen Function

removes damaged and fragmented cells, aids the immune system in clearing microorganisms, stores blood for emergency use

Pancreas Function

contains the enzymes lipase, protease, amylase which break down fats, proteins and starches. contains alpha cells which produce glucagon and beta cells which produce insulin

Stomach Function

aids in the digestion of food. produces HCl and pepsin, gastrin, etc.

Kidney Function

remove and excrete waste products and excess fluid from the body. reabsorbs sugar, proteins and electrolytes. regulates BP through renin-angiotensin system

Adrenal Glands Function

produces stress hormones adrenaline, aldosterone, cortisol.